Nokea
Dulcea has type 2 diabetes and a high triglyceride level. She has gemfibrozil prescribed to treat her hypertriglyceridemia. A history of which of the following might contraindicate the use of this drug?
- A. Reactive airway disease/asthma
- B. Inflammatory bowel disease
- C. Allergy to aspirin
- D. Gallbladder disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gemfibrozil increases gallstone risk, contraindicating its use in gallbladder disease.
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A 64-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following medications would be a poor choice for controlling her diabetes?
- A. Exenatide
- B. Glyburide
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitazone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone can worsen heart failure due to fluid retention and edema.
The nurse explains the Drug Enforcement Agencys (DEAs) schedule of controlled substances to the nursing assistant who asks, Do you ever get a prescription for Schedule I medications? What is the nurses best response?
- A. Schedule I medications have no medical use so they are not prescribed.
- B. Schedule I medications have the lowest risk for abuse and do not require a prescription.
- C. Schedule I medications are only prescribed in monitored units for patient safety.
- D. Schedule I medications are found in antitussives and antidiarrheals sold over the counter.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Schedule I medications have no medical use and are never prescribed. Schedule V medications have the lowest risk for abuse and are found mostly in antitussives and antidiarrheals but they are not sold over the counter.
Which topical antifungal medication is used to treat vaginal candidiasis?
- A. Haloprogin (Halotex)
- B. Miconazole (Monistat)
- C. Oxiconazole (Oxistat)
- D. Terbinafine HCl (Lamisil)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Miconazole is a standard topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis; others target skin infections. Topical miconazole is used to treat vaginal candidiasis.
Which of the following is synthetic mineralocorticoids:
- A. Testosterone
- B. Estradiol
- C. Fludrocortisone
- D. Hydrocortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fludrocortisone is a synthetic mineralocorticoid used to mimic aldosterone's effects on sodium retention.
Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins that have been found to:
- A. Alter absorption of drugs through competition for binding sites
- B. Inhibit CYP 3A4, leading to decreased first-pass metabolism of drugs
- C. Alter vitamin K metabolism, leading to prolonged bleeding
- D. Enhance absorption of calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice inhibit CYP3A4, reducing first-pass metabolism and increasing drug levels (e.g., statins).