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During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of antioxidants in fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Antioxidants only benefit male fertility by improving sperm motility.
- B. Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, improving egg and sperm quality.
- C. Antioxidants guarantee successful fertilization and implantation.
- D. Antioxidants are not relevant to reproductive health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress, which is beneficial for both egg and sperm quality in fertility. Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, protecting reproductive cells from damage. Choice A is incorrect because antioxidants benefit both male and female fertility. Choice C is incorrect as antioxidants do not guarantee successful fertilization and implantation, but they can support the process. Choice D is incorrect as antioxidants do play a role in reproductive health by improving fertility outcomes.
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A couple undergoing fertility treatments asks about the impact of age on success rates. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Success rates remain constant regardless of age.
- B. Younger age is associated with higher success rates for most treatments.
- C. Male age does not impact fertility treatment outcomes.
- D. Age only matters if the woman is over 50.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because younger age is generally associated with higher success rates in fertility treatments due to factors like better egg quality and ovarian reserve. Older women may have lower success rates due to decreased egg quality and quantity. Choice A is incorrect as success rates do vary with age. Choice C is incorrect because male age can impact fertility treatment outcomes. Choice D is incorrect as age can impact fertility treatment outcomes for women younger than 50 as well.
A nurse is describing how the fetus moves through the birth canal. Which component would the nurse identify as being most important in allowing the fetal head to move through the pelvis?
- A. sutures
- B. fontanelles
- C. frontal bones
- D. biparietal diameter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sutures are important because they allow the cranial bones to overlap in order for the head to adjust in shape when pressure is exerted on it. Fontanelles are the intersections formed by the sutures. The frontal bones and biparietal diameter are not as crucial in allowing the fetal head to move through the pelvis.
A woman undergoing evaluation of infertility states, "At least when we're through with all of these tests, we will know what is wrong." The nurse's best response is
- A. "I know the test will identify what is wrong."
- B. "I'm sure that once you finish these tests, your problem will be resolved."
- C. "Even with diagnostic testing, infertility remains unexplained in about 20% of couples."
- D. "Once you've identified your problem, you may want to look at the option of adoption."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the uncertainty in diagnosing infertility, which can remain unexplained in about 20% of couples even after testing. This response is the best because it provides realistic information without giving false hope or making assumptions.
Choice A is incorrect because it asserts that the tests will definitely identify the problem, which is not always the case. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the problem will be resolved after testing, which may not be true. Choice D is incorrect as it jumps to the conclusion of adoption without addressing the uncertainty of infertility testing.
Cindy, a 36-year-old, has been prescribed Follistim AQ, a follitropin. What information should the nurse include in Cindy's education?
- A. Eggs or oocytes develop within ovarian follicles. The purpose of the medication is to stimulate development of ovarian follicles.
- B. Follistim is a manufactured form of FSH, a hormone released from the pituitary gland during the menstrual cycle.
- C. Rapid weight gain is typical during ovulation induction.
- D. Typical side effects include breast tenderness, changes in mood, and depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cindy is prescribed Follistim AQ to stimulate the development of ovarian follicles, where eggs or oocytes develop. This medication helps in ovulation induction. The nurse should educate Cindy on the medication's purpose, how it works, and the importance of follicle development in the ovulation process.
Choice B is incorrect as Follistim is not a manufactured form of FSH but a specific form of follitropin.
Choice C is incorrect as rapid weight gain is not a typical side effect of ovulation induction with Follistim.
Choice D is incorrect as the typical side effects of Follistim include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abdominal pain, and bloating, not breast tenderness, changes in mood, or depression.
A nurse is teaching about lifestyle factors that can affect male fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?
- A. Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas.
- B. Increase calorie intake to boost sperm production.
- C. Use over-the-counter supplements to improve sperm quality.
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy for reproduction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas. High temperatures can negatively impact sperm production and quality by affecting the testes' ability to regulate temperature. Saunas, hot tubs, and hot baths can increase scrotal temperature, leading to decreased sperm count and motility. This recommendation is appropriate as it addresses a known lifestyle factor that can affect male fertility.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Increasing calorie intake does not necessarily boost sperm production. A balanced diet is important for overall health, but excessive calorie intake may lead to obesity, which can negatively impact fertility.
C: Using over-the-counter supplements may not always improve sperm quality, and some supplements may have negative effects. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
D: Avoiding physical activity is not recommended as moderate exercise is beneficial for overall health and can support sperm production. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, which is important for fertility.