Nokea
A woman who has had multiple miscarriages is advised to go through genetic testing. The client asks the nurse the rationale for this recommendation. The nurse should base his or her response on which of the following?
- A. The woman's pedigree may exhibit a mitochondrial inheritance pattern.
- B. The majority of miscarriages are caused by genetic defects.
- C. A woman's chromosomal pattern determines her fertility.
- D. There is a genetic marker that detects the presence of an incompetent cervix.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic defects are a common cause of recurrent miscarriages.
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What is the purpose of a saline sonohysterogram in infertility evaluation?
- A. To assess ovarian function and reserve.
- B. To visualize the uterine cavity for abnormalities.
- C. To monitor hormone levels in real-time.
- D. To detect genetic abnormalities in embryos.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, to visualize the uterine cavity for abnormalities. A saline sonohysterogram is a diagnostic procedure that involves injecting saline into the uterus and performing an ultrasound to assess the uterine cavity for abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or adhesions. This helps in identifying potential causes of infertility related to uterine issues.
A: Assessing ovarian function and reserve is typically done through blood tests and ultrasound imaging, not a saline sonohysterogram.
C: Monitoring hormone levels in real-time is usually done through blood tests, not imaging procedures like a saline sonohysterogram.
D: Detecting genetic abnormalities in embryos is typically done through preimplantation genetic testing or genetic screening, not a saline sonohysterogram.
The nurse is providing counseling to a group of sexually active single women. Most of the women have expressed a desire to have children in the future, but not within the next few years. Which of the following actions should the nurse suggest the women take to protect their fertility for the future? Select all that apply.
- A. Use condoms during intercourse.
- B. Refrain from smoking cigarettes.
- C. Maintain an appropriate weight for height.
- D. Exercise in moderation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking, unhealthy weight, and lack of exercise can negatively impact fertility. Condoms do not directly protect fertility but prevent STIs which might affect it.
The nurse is educating a client about hysterosalpingograms. Which information should the nurse include in her discussion prior to this procedure?
- A. This procedure is always performed under general anesthesia.
- B. This procedure should be performed after ovulation has occurred.
- C. This procedure involves instillation of a radiopaque dye into the uterine cavity.
- D. After the procedure, the client should take Tylenol to decrease cramping.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because hysterosalpingogram involves injecting a radiopaque dye into the uterine cavity to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes. This helps identify any blockages or abnormalities.
A is incorrect as the procedure is usually done without general anesthesia.
B is incorrect as the procedure is typically scheduled in the early follicular phase.
D is incorrect as Tylenol may not be sufficient for managing post-procedure cramping.
Cindy, a 36-year-old, has been prescribed Follistim AQ, a follitropin. What information should the nurse include in Cindy's education?
- A. Eggs or oocytes develop within ovarian follicles. The purpose of the medication is to stimulate development of ovarian follicles.
- B. Follistim is a manufactured form of FSH, a hormone released from the pituitary gland during the menstrual cycle.
- C. Rapid weight gain is typical during ovulation induction.
- D. Typical side effects include breast tenderness, changes in mood, and depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cindy is prescribed Follistim AQ to stimulate the development of ovarian follicles, where eggs or oocytes develop. This medication helps in ovulation induction. The nurse should educate Cindy on the medication's purpose, how it works, and the importance of follicle development in the ovulation process.
Choice B is incorrect as Follistim is not a manufactured form of FSH but a specific form of follitropin.
Choice C is incorrect as rapid weight gain is not a typical side effect of ovulation induction with Follistim.
Choice D is incorrect as the typical side effects of Follistim include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abdominal pain, and bloating, not breast tenderness, changes in mood, or depression.
A nurse is teaching a group about the benefits of folic acid supplementation before conception. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
- B. Folic acid improves the chances of multiple pregnancies.
- C. Folic acid is only needed during the third trimester of pregnancy.
- D. Folic acid reduces the need for prenatal vitamins.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. The rationale is that folic acid is essential for the development of the neural tube in early pregnancy, which is crucial for the baby's brain and spinal cord formation. By emphasizing this benefit, the nurse educates about the importance of folic acid before conception to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because folic acid does not improve chances of multiple pregnancies, is needed before conception and throughout pregnancy (not just in the third trimester), and is a supplement that complements prenatal vitamins rather than replacing them.