Nokea
A 3-month-old baby has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mother says, 'How could this happen? I had an amniocentesis during my pregnancy and everything was supposed to be normal!' What must the nurse understand about this situation?
- A. Cystic fibrosis cannot be diagnosed by amniocentesis.
- B. The baby may have an uncommon genetic variant of the disease.
- C. It is possible that the laboratory technician made an error.
- D. Instead of obtaining fetal cells the doctor probably harvested maternal cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uncommon genetic variants of CF may not be detected by standard testing.
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During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of antioxidants in fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Antioxidants only benefit male fertility by improving sperm motility.
- B. Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, improving egg and sperm quality.
- C. Antioxidants guarantee successful fertilization and implantation.
- D. Antioxidants are not relevant to reproductive health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress, which is beneficial for both egg and sperm quality in fertility. Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, protecting reproductive cells from damage. Choice A is incorrect because antioxidants benefit both male and female fertility. Choice C is incorrect as antioxidants do not guarantee successful fertilization and implantation, but they can support the process. Choice D is incorrect as antioxidants do play a role in reproductive health by improving fertility outcomes.
A patient asks how ovulation predictor kits work. What should the nurse explain?
- A. They measure estrogen levels in the blood.
- B. They detect the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine.
- C. They confirm pregnancy after ovulation.
- D. They monitor basal body temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ovulation predictor kits work by detecting the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine. LH surge triggers ovulation within 24-48 hours. This surge can be detected in urine, indicating that ovulation is about to occur. Estrogen levels (A) fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle but are not directly related to ovulation. Pregnancy confirmation (C) occurs after ovulation and fertilization. Basal body temperature (D) monitoring helps track ovulation patterns but does not predict ovulation directly.
A patient asks about the purpose of AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) testing. What should the nurse explain?
- A. AMH testing predicts the exact time of ovulation.
- B. AMH levels indicate ovarian reserve and egg quantity.
- C. AMH is used to confirm pregnancy success after IVF.
- D. AMH determines sperm quality in male partners.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: AMH levels indicate ovarian reserve and egg quantity. This is because Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is primarily secreted by the ovaries and its levels in the blood reflect the number of remaining follicles in the ovaries, which correlates with ovarian reserve and egg quantity. This information is vital for assessing a woman's fertility potential, especially in the context of fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Choice A is incorrect as AMH testing does not predict the exact time of ovulation, it assesses ovarian reserve. Choice C is incorrect as AMH testing is not used to confirm pregnancy success after IVF, but rather to determine the likelihood of successful response to ovarian stimulation. Choice D is incorrect as AMH does not determine sperm quality in male partners, as it is a hormone produced by the ovaries and is not related to male reproductive function.
A woman who is taking clomiphene citrate (Clomid) phones the infertility clinic and says that she has some nausea each morning and frequency of urination. She suspects that she may be pregnant. The correct nursing response is to:
- A. Tell her that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period.
- B. Have her come to the clinic promptly for sensitive pregnancy testing.
- C. Explain that she should have a pregnancy test after she completes this drug cycle.
- D. Reassure her that her symptoms are commonly seen in women who take this drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing response is to tell the woman that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period. Symptoms like nausea and frequency of urination can be side effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and do not guarantee pregnancy.
Cindy, a 36-year-old, has been prescribed Follistim AQ, a follitropin. What information should the nurse include in Cindy's education?
- A. Eggs or oocytes develop within ovarian follicles. The purpose of the medication is to stimulate development of ovarian follicles.
- B. Follistim is a manufactured form of FSH, a hormone released from the pituitary gland during the menstrual cycle.
- C. Rapid weight gain is typical during ovulation induction.
- D. Typical side effects include breast tenderness, changes in mood, and depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cindy is prescribed Follistim AQ to stimulate the development of ovarian follicles, where eggs or oocytes develop. This medication helps in ovulation induction. The nurse should educate Cindy on the medication's purpose, how it works, and the importance of follicle development in the ovulation process.
Choice B is incorrect as Follistim is not a manufactured form of FSH but a specific form of follitropin.
Choice C is incorrect as rapid weight gain is not a typical side effect of ovulation induction with Follistim.
Choice D is incorrect as the typical side effects of Follistim include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abdominal pain, and bloating, not breast tenderness, changes in mood, or depression.