Nokea
The nurse is counseling a pregnant couple who are both carriers for phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disease. Which of the following comments by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. I wish I could give you good news
- B. but because this is your first pregnancy
- C. your child will definitely have PKU.
- D. Congratulations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Each child has a 25% chance of having PKU, a 50% chance of being a carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected.
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What should the nurse emphasize when discussing healthy BMI and fertility with a patient?
- A. A healthy BMI has no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. A BMI within the normal range supports hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. BMI only matters during pregnancy, not before conception.
- D. Low BMI always improves fertility rates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a BMI within the normal range is associated with improved hormonal balance and ovulation, which are crucial factors for fertility. This is supported by research showing that both underweight and overweight BMI can negatively impact fertility. Choice A is incorrect as BMI does impact fertility outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as BMI plays a role before conception as well. Choice D is incorrect as a low BMI can actually decrease fertility rates due to hormonal imbalances.
How does lifestyle modification improve male fertility?
- A. By directly increasing sperm motility and morphology.
- B. By reducing stress and improving overall reproductive health.
- C. By guaranteeing successful fertilization.
- D. By eliminating the need for medical treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because lifestyle modifications such as reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding harmful substances, and exercising can improve male fertility by optimizing overall reproductive health. Stress reduction can positively impact hormone levels and sperm production. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lifestyle modifications do not directly guarantee successful fertilization, eliminate the need for medical treatments, or directly improve sperm motility and morphology.
A patient asks about the purpose of AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) testing. What should the nurse explain?
- A. AMH testing predicts the exact time of ovulation.
- B. AMH levels indicate ovarian reserve and egg quantity.
- C. AMH is used to confirm pregnancy success after IVF.
- D. AMH determines sperm quality in male partners.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: AMH levels indicate ovarian reserve and egg quantity. This is because Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is primarily secreted by the ovaries and its levels in the blood reflect the number of remaining follicles in the ovaries, which correlates with ovarian reserve and egg quantity. This information is vital for assessing a woman's fertility potential, especially in the context of fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Choice A is incorrect as AMH testing does not predict the exact time of ovulation, it assesses ovarian reserve. Choice C is incorrect as AMH testing is not used to confirm pregnancy success after IVF, but rather to determine the likelihood of successful response to ovarian stimulation. Choice D is incorrect as AMH does not determine sperm quality in male partners, as it is a hormone produced by the ovaries and is not related to male reproductive function.
A couple undergoing fertility treatments asks about the impact of age on success rates. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Success rates remain constant regardless of age.
- B. Younger age is associated with higher success rates for most treatments.
- C. Male age does not impact fertility treatment outcomes.
- D. Age only matters if the woman is over 50.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because younger age is generally associated with higher success rates in fertility treatments due to factors like better egg quality and ovarian reserve. Older women may have lower success rates due to decreased egg quality and quantity. Choice A is incorrect as success rates do vary with age. Choice C is incorrect because male age can impact fertility treatment outcomes. Choice D is incorrect as age can impact fertility treatment outcomes for women younger than 50 as well.
During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of antioxidants in fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Antioxidants only benefit male fertility by improving sperm motility.
- B. Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, improving egg and sperm quality.
- C. Antioxidants guarantee successful fertilization and implantation.
- D. Antioxidants are not relevant to reproductive health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress, which is beneficial for both egg and sperm quality in fertility. Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, protecting reproductive cells from damage. Choice A is incorrect because antioxidants benefit both male and female fertility. Choice C is incorrect as antioxidants do not guarantee successful fertilization and implantation, but they can support the process. Choice D is incorrect as antioxidants do play a role in reproductive health by improving fertility outcomes.