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A client's basal body temperature (BBT) chart for one full month is shown below. Based on the temperatures shown, what can the nurse conclude?
- A. It is likely that she has not ovulated.
- B. The client's fertile period is between 12 and 18 days.
- C. The client's period is abnormally long.
- D. It is likely that her progesterone levels rose on day 15.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A biphasic BBT pattern indicates ovulation, with rising temperatures reflecting progesterone elevation.
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A nurse is teaching about lifestyle factors that can affect male fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?
- A. Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas.
- B. Increase calorie intake to boost sperm production.
- C. Use over-the-counter supplements to improve sperm quality.
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy for reproduction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas. High temperatures can negatively impact sperm production and quality by affecting the testes' ability to regulate temperature. Saunas, hot tubs, and hot baths can increase scrotal temperature, leading to decreased sperm count and motility. This recommendation is appropriate as it addresses a known lifestyle factor that can affect male fertility.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Increasing calorie intake does not necessarily boost sperm production. A balanced diet is important for overall health, but excessive calorie intake may lead to obesity, which can negatively impact fertility.
C: Using over-the-counter supplements may not always improve sperm quality, and some supplements may have negative effects. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
D: Avoiding physical activity is not recommended as moderate exercise is beneficial for overall health and can support sperm production. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, which is important for fertility.
A woman who is taking clomiphene citrate (Clomid) phones the infertility clinic and says that she has some nausea each morning and frequency of urination. She suspects that she may be pregnant. The correct nursing response is to:
- A. Tell her that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period.
- B. Have her come to the clinic promptly for sensitive pregnancy testing.
- C. Explain that she should have a pregnancy test after she completes this drug cycle.
- D. Reassure her that her symptoms are commonly seen in women who take this drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing response is to tell the woman that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period. Symptoms like nausea and frequency of urination can be side effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and do not guarantee pregnancy.
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes?
- A. Semen analysis.
- B. Endometrial biopsy.
- C. Hysterosalpingography.
- D. Testicular biopsy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hysterosalpingography. This test involves injecting a contrast dye into the uterus and fallopian tubes to evaluate their structure and patency. It helps diagnose issues like blockages or abnormalities. Semen analysis (A) is used to evaluate male fertility, not the uterus or fallopian tubes. Endometrial biopsy (B) is used to evaluate the uterine lining, not the structure of the uterus or fallopian tubes. Testicular biopsy (D) is used to assess male reproductive health, not female reproductive structures. Therefore, C is the correct choice for evaluating the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
A client is to receive Pergonal (menotropins) injections for infertility prior to in vitro fertilization. Which of the following is the expected action of this medication?
- A. Prolongation of the luteal phase.
- B. Stimulation of ovulation.
- C. Suppression of menstruation.
- D. Promotion of cervical mucus production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pergonal stimulates ovulation by promoting the maturation and release of ova.
Of the following karyotype results, which indicates a finding of Turner syndrome?
- A. 46 XY
- B. 46 YY
- C. 46 XX
- D. 46 X
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly. The correct answer is D (46 X) for Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is characterized by a missing or partially missing X chromosome in females. Therefore, a karyotype of 45,X or 46,X would indicate Turner syndrome. Choice A (46 XY) is a normal male karyotype, B (46 YY) is not a valid karyotype, and C (46 XX) is a normal female karyotype.