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The nurse is providing counseling to a group of sexually active single women. Most of the women have expressed a desire to have children in the future, but not within the next few years. Which of the following actions should the nurse suggest the women take to protect their fertility for the future? Select all that apply.
- A. Use condoms during intercourse.
- B. Refrain from smoking cigarettes.
- C. Maintain an appropriate weight for height.
- D. Exercise in moderation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking, unhealthy weight, and lack of exercise can negatively impact fertility. Condoms do not directly protect fertility but prevent STIs which might affect it.
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The nurse is providing genetic counseling for an expectant couple who just found out that their child has Down syndrome. Which is the best way for the nurse to handle this?
- A. Be supportive by answering questions and clarifying information and options.
- B. Inform the parents that they should not tell anyone until they have made a decision concerning termination of the pregnancy.
- C. Refer the couple to another specialist for a second opinion.
- D. Tell the couple that there are a lot of parents who have children with Down syndrome and they all do fine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should be supportive, answer questions, and clarify information and options to help the couple make informed decisions. This approach shows empathy and respect for the couple's autonomy.
Choice B is incorrect as it is not the nurse's role to dictate when the parents should disclose the information. Choice C is not the best option as the nurse should continue to provide support rather than immediately referring the couple for a second opinion. Choice D is incorrect because generalizing outcomes for all parents of children with Down syndrome may not be helpful or accurate for this specific couple.
A nurse is teaching about lifestyle factors that can affect male fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?
- A. Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas.
- B. Increase calorie intake to boost sperm production.
- C. Use over-the-counter supplements to improve sperm quality.
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy for reproduction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas. High temperatures can negatively impact sperm production and quality by affecting the testes' ability to regulate temperature. Saunas, hot tubs, and hot baths can increase scrotal temperature, leading to decreased sperm count and motility. This recommendation is appropriate as it addresses a known lifestyle factor that can affect male fertility.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Increasing calorie intake does not necessarily boost sperm production. A balanced diet is important for overall health, but excessive calorie intake may lead to obesity, which can negatively impact fertility.
C: Using over-the-counter supplements may not always improve sperm quality, and some supplements may have negative effects. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
D: Avoiding physical activity is not recommended as moderate exercise is beneficial for overall health and can support sperm production. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, which is important for fertility.
A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client prior to the procedure?
- A. The test will be performed through a small incision next to your belly button.
- B. You will be on bed rest for a full day following the procedure.
- C. An antibiotic fluid will be instilled through a tube in your cervix.
- D. You will be asked to move from side to side so that x-ray pictures can be taken.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Contrast dye is instilled through the cervix during a hysterosalpingogram.
A patient asks how ovulation predictor kits work. What should the nurse explain?
- A. They measure estrogen levels in the blood.
- B. They detect the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine.
- C. They confirm pregnancy after ovulation.
- D. They monitor basal body temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ovulation predictor kits work by detecting the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine. LH surge triggers ovulation within 24-48 hours. This surge can be detected in urine, indicating that ovulation is about to occur. Estrogen levels (A) fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle but are not directly related to ovulation. Pregnancy confirmation (C) occurs after ovulation and fertilization. Basal body temperature (D) monitoring helps track ovulation patterns but does not predict ovulation directly.
A woman who is taking clomiphene citrate (Clomid) phones the infertility clinic and says that she has some nausea each morning and frequency of urination. She suspects that she may be pregnant. The correct nursing response is to:
- A. Tell her that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period.
- B. Have her come to the clinic promptly for sensitive pregnancy testing.
- C. Explain that she should have a pregnancy test after she completes this drug cycle.
- D. Reassure her that her symptoms are commonly seen in women who take this drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing response is to tell the woman that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period. Symptoms like nausea and frequency of urination can be side effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and do not guarantee pregnancy.