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What should the nurse emphasize when discussing healthy BMI and fertility with a patient?
- A. A healthy BMI has no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. A BMI within the normal range supports hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. BMI only matters during pregnancy, not before conception.
- D. Low BMI always improves fertility rates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a BMI within the normal range is associated with improved hormonal balance and ovulation, which are crucial factors for fertility. This is supported by research showing that both underweight and overweight BMI can negatively impact fertility. Choice A is incorrect as BMI does impact fertility outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as BMI plays a role before conception as well. Choice D is incorrect as a low BMI can actually decrease fertility rates due to hormonal imbalances.
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During fertility evaluation, a patient asks about tubal factor infertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. It is caused by hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries.
- B. It results from blockages or damage to the fallopian tubes.
- C. It is unrelated to previous infections or surgeries.
- D. It does not impact the chances of natural conception.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because tubal factor infertility is primarily due to blockages or damage in the fallopian tubes, which can prevent the egg from meeting the sperm for fertilization. Blockages can result from infections, surgeries, or conditions like endometriosis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries, previous infections or surgeries, and impacts on natural conception are not the primary causes of tubal factor infertility.
Of the following karyotype results, which indicates a finding of Turner syndrome?
- A. 46 XY
- B. 46 YY
- C. 46 XX
- D. 46 X
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly. The correct answer is D (46 X) for Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is characterized by a missing or partially missing X chromosome in females. Therefore, a karyotype of 45,X or 46,X would indicate Turner syndrome. Choice A (46 XY) is a normal male karyotype, B (46 YY) is not a valid karyotype, and C (46 XX) is a normal female karyotype.
What is the role of cervical mucus observation in tracking ovulation?
- A. To confirm ovulation has already occurred.
- B. To detect peak fertility by observing changes in mucus consistency.
- C. To determine the overall health of the uterus.
- D. To predict the gender of the future baby.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detect peak fertility by observing changes in mucus consistency. Cervical mucus observation is used to identify the most fertile period during a woman's menstrual cycle. This method helps in predicting ovulation by tracking changes in mucus consistency, which indicates the best time for conception. Other choices are incorrect because cervical mucus observation does not confirm ovulation has already occurred (A), determine the overall health of the uterus (C), or predict the gender of the future baby (D).
A client's basal body temperature (BBT) chart for one full month is shown below. Based on the temperatures shown, what can the nurse conclude?
- A. It is likely that she has not ovulated.
- B. The client's fertile period is between 12 and 18 days.
- C. The client's period is abnormally long.
- D. It is likely that her progesterone levels rose on day 15.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A biphasic BBT pattern indicates ovulation, with rising temperatures reflecting progesterone elevation.
A nurse is teaching about lifestyle factors that can affect male fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?
- A. Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas.
- B. Increase calorie intake to boost sperm production.
- C. Use over-the-counter supplements to improve sperm quality.
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy for reproduction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas. High temperatures can negatively impact sperm production and quality by affecting the testes' ability to regulate temperature. Saunas, hot tubs, and hot baths can increase scrotal temperature, leading to decreased sperm count and motility. This recommendation is appropriate as it addresses a known lifestyle factor that can affect male fertility.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Increasing calorie intake does not necessarily boost sperm production. A balanced diet is important for overall health, but excessive calorie intake may lead to obesity, which can negatively impact fertility.
C: Using over-the-counter supplements may not always improve sperm quality, and some supplements may have negative effects. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
D: Avoiding physical activity is not recommended as moderate exercise is beneficial for overall health and can support sperm production. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, which is important for fertility.