Nokea
During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Estrogen triggers the release of mature eggs from the ovaries.
- B. Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation.
- C. Estrogen prevents ovulation during pregnancy.
- D. Estrogen regulates the production of progesterone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation. Estrogen plays a key role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. This process occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Choice A is incorrect because ovulation is primarily triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, not estrogen. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen levels decrease during pregnancy, allowing ovulation to occur. Choice D is incorrect because while estrogen and progesterone work together in the menstrual cycle, estrogen does not directly regulate progesterone production.
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An Orthodox Jewish couple is seeking infertility counseling. The woman states that her menstrual cycle is 21 days long. After testing, no physical explanation is found for the infertility. Which of the following may explain why the woman has been unable to conceive?
- A. Her kosher diet is lacking the essential nutrients needed for achieving optimal reproductive health.
- B. The positions allowed Orthodox Jewish couples during intercourse hinder the process of fertilization.
- C. Orthodox Jewish couples are known to have a high rate of infertility because of inborn genetic diseases.
- D. Orthodox Jewish couples refrain from intercourse during menses and for seven days after it ends.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Orthodox Jewish couples abstain from intercourse during menstruation and the subsequent week, potentially missing the fertile window.
A 10-week gravid states that her sister's son has been diagnosed with an X-linked recessive disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy. She questions the nurse about the disease. Which of the following responses is appropriate for the nurse to make?
- A. Because Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited through the woman
- B. it is advisable for you to see a genetic counselor.
- C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually occurs as a spontaneous mutation. It is very unlikely that your fetus is affected.
- D. Your child could acquire Duchenne muscular dystrophy only if both you and your husband carried the gene. You need to check your husband's family history.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is X-linked recessive, meaning the mother must be a carrier for the child to be affected.
A nurse is educating a male patient about improving sperm quality. What should the nurse suggest?
- A. Increase exposure to saunas and hot tubs for relaxation.
- B. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking.
- C. Consume high-fat diets to enhance testosterone levels.
- D. Avoid exercise as it reduces sperm motility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking. This is because a healthy lifestyle promotes overall well-being and can positively impact sperm quality. Balanced nutrition provides essential nutrients for sperm production while avoiding smoking reduces oxidative stress that can harm sperm.
Choice A is incorrect because increased exposure to saunas and hot tubs can actually raise scrotal temperature, potentially harming sperm quality. Choice C is incorrect as high-fat diets can lead to obesity and negatively impact sperm quality. Choice D is incorrect as exercise is beneficial for overall health, including sperm motility.
During an IVF cycle, a patient asks about embryo transfer timing. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Embryos are always transferred on the day of fertilization.
- B. Embryo transfer typically occurs 3 to 5 days after fertilization.
- C. Timing depends on uterine size, not embryo development.
- D. Transfer is done after pregnancy is confirmed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Embryo transfer typically occurs 3 to 5 days after fertilization. This timing aligns with the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage, which is crucial for successful implantation in the uterus. By waiting until this stage, the chances of a successful pregnancy are increased. Choice A is incorrect because embryos do not reach the blastocyst stage on the day of fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as embryo development stage is a key factor in determining the timing of transfer. Choice D is incorrect as waiting until pregnancy is confirmed would delay the transfer unnecessarily.
Which of the following client responses indicates that the nurse's teaching about care following chorionic villus sampling (CVS) has been successful?
- A. If the baby stops moving
- B. the woman should immediately go to the hospital.
- C. The woman should take oral terbutaline every 2 hours for the next day.
- D. If the woman starts to bleed or to contract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bleeding or contractions after CVS warrant medical attention.