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During a family meeting, the patient's father called his son a bum because of his drug use and running afoul of the law. What is the best response?
- A. Anyone can become physiologically and psychologically dependent on drugs, which can result in drug-seeking behaviors that can lead to health, financial, family, and legal problems.
- B. Your son realizes his problem and is trying to change.
- C. Have you thought about going to family therapy?
- D. Have you heard about Nar-Anon or Al-Anon?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Educating the family about addiction reduces stigma and promotes understanding.
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Donna is a healthy, 38-year-old woman scheduled for elective surgery next week. During the preoperative clearance, the physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant would include which of the following in her preoperative preparation?
- A. Pulmonary function test and chest x-ray.
- B. Complete blood count, metabolic panel, and pregnancy test.
- C. Urine culture, thyroid panel, and cortisol level.
- D. Glucose tolerance test, ankle-brachial index, and electrocardiogram (EKG).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elective surgeries typically require basic preoperative tests such as a complete blood count (CBC), metabolic panel, and pregnancy test to ensure the patient is fit for surgery. Pulmonary function tests and other specialized tests are usually reserved for patients with specific risk factors.
A nurse in the PACU is assessing a client who has an endotracheal tube (ET) in place and observes the absence of left-sided chest wall expansion upon respiration. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
- A. Blockage of the ET tube by the client's tongue
- B. Passage of the ET tube into the esophagus
- C. Movement of the ET tube into the right main bronchus
- D. Infection of the vocal cords
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Movement of the ET tube into the right main bronchus. When the nurse observes absence of left-sided chest wall expansion, it indicates that the ET tube may have moved into the right main bronchus. This can lead to inadequate ventilation of the left lung, causing unilateral chest wall expansion. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Blockage by the tongue would not result in unilateral chest wall expansion. B) Passage into the esophagus would lead to improper ventilation but not specifically affect one side of the chest. D) Infection of the vocal cords would not directly cause unilateral chest wall expansion.
Which of the following would be the best strategy for the nurse to use when teaching insulin injection techniques to a newly diagnosed client with diabetes?
- A. Give written pre and post-tests.
- B. Ask questions during practice.
- C. Allow another diabetic to assist.
- D. Observe a return demonstration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Return demonstration ensures the client can correctly perform the technique under supervision.
Which statement by a patient demonstrates an accurate understanding about herbal supplements?
- A. Herbs may interact with prescribed medications but not other herbs.
- B. Most herbs have been tested and found to be safe and therapeutic.
- C. The Food and Drug Administration regulates herbs and allows advertising.
- D. There is no standardization among the manufacturers of herbs in this country.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herbal supplements lack standardization and regulation in the U.S.
A confirmatory laboratory test for HIV includes
- A. Western blot.
- B. Low WBC.
- C. Comprehensive metabolic panel.
- D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Western blot is used to confirm HIV infection.