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During a home visit, the LPN finds a client taking Amiodarone. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of potential drug side effects?
- A. "It is normal if I have numbing or tingling in my feet."?
- B. "I need to make sure I wear sunblock when going outdoors."?
- C. "I need to take supplemental vitamin B12."?
- D. "I should avoid eating leafy vegetables."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Amiodarone can cause increased photosensitivity, making it essential for the client to wear sunblock when exposed to sunlight. Choice A is incorrect because numbing or tingling in the feet is not a common side effect of Amiodarone. Choice C is unrelated as the drug does not typically require supplemental vitamin B12. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no need to avoid leafy vegetables specifically due to Amiodarone.
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A nurse sees documentation in the client's record indicating that the health care provider has noted the presence of adventitious breath sounds. The nurse knows that these types of sounds have which aspect?
- A. Normally heard in the lungs
- B. Hollow sounds heard over the trachea and larynx
- C. Rustling sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields
- D. Abnormal sounds that should not be heard in the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adventitious breath sounds are abnormal sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs. These sounds are added sounds superimposed on the breath sounds. They are caused by air colliding with secretions in the tracheobronchial passageways or when previously deflated airways pop open. Hollow sounds heard over the trachea and larynx are normal bronchial (tracheal) breath sounds, not adventitious. Rustling sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields are normal vesicular breath sounds, not adventitious. Therefore, the correct answer is that adventitious breath sounds are abnormal sounds that should not be heard in the lungs.
A nurse is auscultating for vesicular breath sounds in a client. Of which quality would the nurse expect these normal breath sounds to be?
- A. Harsh
- B. Hollow
- C. Tubular
- D. Rustling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Rustling.' Vesicular breath sounds are described as rustling and resemble the sound of wind blowing through trees. Harsh, hollow, and tubular sounds are associated with bronchial (tracheal) breath sounds, not vesicular breath sounds. Harsh sounds are high-pitched, hollow sounds are reverberating, and tubular sounds are like blowing air into a tube. Therefore, options A, B, and C are incorrect descriptions of vesicular breath sounds and are more characteristic of bronchial breath sounds.
When assessing the carotid artery of a client with cardiovascular disease, what action should a nurse perform?
- A. Palpating the carotid artery in the upper third of the neck
- B. Palpating both arteries simultaneously to compare amplitude
- C. Listening to the carotid artery, using the bell of the stethoscope to assess for bruits
- D. Instructing the client to take slow, deep breaths while the nurse listens to the carotid artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When assessing the carotid artery of a client with cardiovascular disease, the nurse should listen to the carotid artery using the bell of the stethoscope to assess for bruits. This is crucial in detecting abnormal sounds that may indicate underlying pathology. Palpating the carotid artery in the upper third of the neck can trigger a vagal response, leading to a decrease in heart rate, which is undesirable. Palpating both arteries simultaneously can disrupt blood flow to the brain. Instructing the client to take slow, deep breaths is unnecessary and not a standard practice during carotid artery assessment.
A nurse is preparing to measure a client's calf circumference. The nurse performs this procedure by performing which action?
- A. Placing a tape measure around the widest point of the lower leg
- B. Measuring 2 inches above the knee and placing the tape measure around the client's leg at this point
- C. Measuring 2 inches above the ankle and placing the tape measure around the client's leg at this point
- D. Measuring 2 inches below the patella and placing the tape measure around the client's leg at this point
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To measure a client's calf circumference accurately, a nurse should place a non-stretchable tape measure around the widest point of the lower leg. It is crucial to ensure that the tape measure is positioned at the same number of centimeters down from a specific landmark, such as the patella, on both legs for consistency. Placing the tape measure 2 inches above the knee (Option B), 2 inches above the ankle (Option C), or 2 inches below the patella (Option D) would not provide an accurate measurement of the calf circumference. Therefore, these options are incorrect choices.
A nurse assisting with data collection regarding the client's eyes notes that the pupils get larger when the client looks at an object in the distance and become smaller when the client looks at a nearby object. How does the nurse document this finding?
- A. Myopia
- B. Hyperopia
- C. Photophobia
- D. Accommodation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Accommodation. Accommodation is the process by which the eye adjusts its focus to see objects at different distances. When the pupils get larger when the client looks at an object in the distance and become smaller when looking at a nearby object, it indicates the normal functioning of the eye's accommodation mechanism. Myopia refers to nearsightedness, where distant objects appear blurry. Hyperopia refers to farsightedness, where close objects appear blurry. Photophobia is an abnormal sensitivity to light. Therefore, the correct term to document the finding of the pupils adjusting based on the distance of the object is 'Accommodation.'