Nokea
During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
- A. Hegar's sign.
- B. McDonald's sign.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs; this is called Hegar's sign.
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Mastitis is:
- A. Inflammation of the testes
- B. A condition that causes a woman's breast tissue to become painful and inflamed
- C. Often caused by too much calcium in the diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mastitis is inflammation of the breast tissue, often due to infection or blocked milk ducts during breastfeeding.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a prenatal client. She notices that her hemoglobin is 10.5. The nurse realizes this laboratory result indicates which of the following?
- A. Low vitamin intake has resulted in a decrease in red blood cell production.
- B. Plasma volume increase is greater than red blood cell production and has resulted in a decrease in hemoglobin.
- C. This is a serious problem that might harm the fetus.
- D. A repeat blood test should be done immediately to confirm that the client has anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a hemoglobin level of 10.5 indicates a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, which is typically caused by an increase in plasma volume during pregnancy. This dilution effect results in a lower concentration of red blood cells in the blood, leading to lower hemoglobin levels. This physiological change is normal during pregnancy and is known as physiological anemia.
Choice A is incorrect because low vitamin intake would not directly result in a decrease in red blood cell production leading to low hemoglobin levels.
Choice C is incorrect because a hemoglobin level of 10.5, although lower than normal, does not necessarily indicate a serious problem that would harm the fetus.
Choice D is incorrect because a repeat blood test is not immediately necessary to confirm anemia as the low hemoglobin level can be explained by the normal increase in plasma volume during pregnancy.
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:
- A. primipara
- B. primigravida
- C. multipara
- D. nulligravida
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A primipara is a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a viable fetus. Primigravida refers to a woman pregnant for the first time.
The mucous plug that forms in the endocervical canal is called the:
- A. operculum.
- B. leukorrhea.
- C. funic souffle.
- D. ballottement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The operculum protects against bacterial invasion. Leukorrhea is the mucus that forms the endocervical plug (the operculum).
Physiologic anemia often occurs during pregnancy as a result of:
- A. inadequate intake of iron.
- B. dilution of hemoglobin concentration.
- C. the fetus establishing iron stores.
- D. decreased production of erythrocytes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Physiologic anemia during pregnancy occurs due to the expansion of plasma volume, causing a dilution of hemoglobin concentration. Increased blood volume is necessary to support the growing fetus, leading to a relative decrease in hemoglobin levels. Inadequate iron intake (Choice A) can cause iron-deficiency anemia but is not the primary reason for physiologic anemia in pregnancy. The fetus establishing iron stores (Choice C) is unrelated to the maternal anemia. Decreased production of erythrocytes (Choice D) is not the main cause of anemia in pregnancy; rather, it is the dilution effect from increased plasma volume.