Nokea
During a routine checkup, the nurse assesses a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is the common AIDS-related cancer?
- A. Squamous cell carcinoma
- B. Leukemia
- C. Multiple myeloma
- D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kaposi’s sarcoma. This is a common AIDS-related cancer caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in immunosuppressed individuals. It presents as purplish lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. Squamous cell carcinoma (A) is not specific to AIDS. Leukemia (B) and Multiple myeloma (C) are not commonly associated with AIDS. Kaposi’s sarcoma is the hallmark cancer seen in AIDS patients due to their weakened immune system.
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Which of the following patients should the nurse monitors because of increased risk for surgical complications?
- A. 25-year old with appendicitis
- B. patient 5’3” in height, weight 180 lbs
- C. 12-year old with fractured knee
- D. 17-year old with gallstone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient's Body Mass Index (BMI) indicates obesity, putting them at higher risk for surgical complications. Obesity is associated with increased risks of infections, delayed wound healing, respiratory issues, and cardiovascular problems post-surgery. Monitoring this patient closely is crucial.
Choice A is less likely to have increased surgical complications due to age and condition. Choice C, a 12-year-old, is less likely to have significant surgical complications compared to adults. Choice D, a 17-year-old with gallstones, may have risks but the BMI of the patient in choice B indicates a higher risk.
Which of the following measures will not help correct the patient’s condition
- A. Offer large amount of oral fluid intake to replace fluid lost
- B. Give enteral or parenteral fluid
- C. Frequent oral care
- D. Give small volumes of fluid at frequent interval
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Providing oral care does not directly address fluid balance or hydration status.
2. Oral care focuses on maintaining oral hygiene and preventing infections.
3. Choices A, B, and D all involve fluid intake to address dehydration.
4. Offering large amounts of fluid, enteral or parenteral fluids, and small volumes at frequent intervals all aim to correct the patient's condition by replenishing lost fluids.
Summary:
Choice C is incorrect because oral care does not directly address the patient's dehydration. Choices A, B, and D are better options as they focus on fluid replacement to correct the patient's condition.
The nurse assesses for the characteristic movement of Parkinson’s disease which is a (n):
- A. Exaggerated muscle flaccidity that leads to frequent falls
- B. Hyperextension of the back and neck that alters normal movements
- C. Pronation- supination of the hand and forearm that interferes with normal hand activities
- D. Combination of all of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pronation-supination of the hand and forearm is a characteristic movement in Parkinson's disease called "pill-rolling tremor." This movement interferes with normal hand activities due to involuntary shaking.
A is incorrect because exaggerated muscle flaccidity does not lead to frequent falls in Parkinson's disease. B is incorrect as hyperextension of the back and neck is not a characteristic movement of Parkinson's disease. D is incorrect as it combines all options, which is not accurate.
Which of the ff is the most important factor in the nursing management of a client with CFS?
- A. Teaching the client how to avoid aggravating the disease
- B. Informing the client about the drug therapy that will provide significant improvement
- C. Advising the client to alter the diet and environment
- D. Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because educating the client about the disease process and its limitations is crucial in managing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). By understanding the disease, the client can make informed decisions regarding their lifestyle, activities, and self-care. This empowers the client to manage symptoms effectively and prevent exacerbations.
Choice A is not the most important factor as simply avoiding aggravating the disease does not address the overall management of CFS.
Choice B focuses solely on drug therapy, which is only one aspect of the client's management and may not provide significant improvement for all clients with CFS.
Choice C, altering diet and environment, can be helpful but may not be the most important factor as understanding the disease process and limitations is essential for long-term management and quality of life.
The nurse is caring for a client in acute addisonian crisis. Which laboratory data would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In acute Addisonian crisis, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, leading to electrolyte imbalances. This results in increased potassium levels (hyperkalemia) due to lack of aldosterone to promote potassium excretion. Hypernatremia (choice B) is less likely as aldosterone deficiency leads to sodium loss. Reduced BUN (choice C) is unlikely as Addison's crisis does not directly affect urea levels. Hyperglycemia (choice D) is not typically seen in Addisonian crisis as cortisol deficiency usually results in hypoglycemia.