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During an interview, a patient tells the nurse that he was recently let go from his job. As the interaction continues, the patient states, 'I was really overqualified for that position anyway. It was definitely below my area of expertise.' The nurse interprets this information as reflecting which of the following?
- A. Denial
- B. Intellectualization
- C. Projection
- D. Passive aggression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intellectualization involves using rational explanations to avoid emotional distress. The patient?s statement minimizes the job loss by focusing on being overqualified, distancing from the emotional impact. Denial avoids the reality, projection attributes feelings to others, and passive aggression expresses hostility indirectly.
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When engaged in a nontherapeutic relationship, which of the following would the nurse identify as occurring first?
- A. Failure to recognize the patient as a person with a need
- B. Patient avoiding the nurse
- C. The nurse being perceived as rude
- D. Patient feeling hopeless and frustrated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A nontherapeutic relationship begins with the nurse?s failure to recognize the patient?s individual needs, undermining trust and rapport. This precedes patient avoidance, perceptions of rudeness, or feelings of hopelessness, which are outcomes of the initial failure.
The nurse is engaged in a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. The relationship is in the working phase. With which of the following would the patient be involved? Select all that apply.
- A. Beginning to identify a need
- B. Testing new ways for problem solving
- C. Testing the relationship
- D. Discussing problems related to needs
- E. Examining personal issues
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: In the working phase of the nurse-patient relationship (per Peplau), the patient actively engages in problem-solving, discussing needs, and examining personal issues to achieve therapeutic goals. Identifying needs and testing the relationship occur in the orientation phase.
A nurse has engaged in self-awareness and has come to understand his own personal beliefs and attitudes and has recognized some prejudicial ideas. Based on this understanding, which of the following would the nurse now be able to accomplish?
- A. Have a therapeutic relationship with a patient.
- B. Influence patients with certain biases.
- C. Change learned behaviors.
- D. Formulate values and morals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Self-awareness, including recognizing personal biases, allows the nurse to set aside prejudices and engage objectively with patients, fostering a therapeutic relationship. Influencing patients with biases is unethical, changing behaviors requires more than self-awareness, and formulating values and morals is a broader personal process not directly tied to patient care.
A nurse engaged in an interaction with a patient recognizes body space zones. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the individual?s personal zone?
- A. Beginning at the boundary of the intimate zone and ending at the social zone
- B. Extending outward from the border to the public zone
- C. Surrounding and protecting an individual from others, especially outsiders
- D. The most distant boundary that can be used for recognizing intruders
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The personal zone, per Hall?s proxemics theory, extends from 1.5 to 4 feet, beginning at the boundary of the intimate zone (0?1.5 feet) and ending at the social zone (4?12 feet). It?s used for comfortable interactions. Other options describe the social zone, a general concept, or the public zone, respectively.
When communicating with a patient, which of the following would the nurse use to convey positive body language?
- A. Sitting erect with back against the chair
- B. Crossing the arms over the chest
- C. Sitting at the patient?s eye level
- D. Keeping the feet flat on the floor with the legs crossed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitting at the patient?s eye level conveys openness, respect, and engagement, fostering positive communication. Crossing arms or legs can appear defensive, and sitting erect with back against the chair may seem rigid, less conducive to rapport.