Microbiology An Introduction Test Bank

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During bacteriological examination of the purulent discharge obtained from a postoperative wound an inoculation on meat infusion agar has been performed. The inoculation has resulted in large colorless mucous colonies that in 24 hours with exposure to sunlight developed green-blue pigmentation and smell of honey or jasmine. Bacterioscopy revealed gram-negative lophotrichea. What bacterial culture is contained in purulent discharge?

  • A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • B. Proteus vulgaris
  • C. Klebsiella osaenae
  • D. Streptomyces griseus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium known for its green-blue pigmentation and sweet, fruity odor. The large colorless mucous colonies that develop green-blue pigmentation and honey or jasmine smell point towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacterioscopy revealing gram-negative lophotrichea further supports this identification. Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella osaenae do not typically exhibit the described characteristics. Streptomyces griseus is a soil bacterium known for its antibiotic production and is not commonly associated with wound infections.

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Compared to primary immune response the secondary immune response

  • A. 1. Is quicker
  • B. 2. Produces much more antibodies
  • C. 3. Requires more antigen stimulations
  • D. 4. Is slower
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the secondary immune response is quicker due to memory B and T cells being already present from the primary response. These memory cells can quickly recognize and respond to the antigen upon re-exposure, leading to a faster and more efficient immune response. Choices B and C are incorrect as the secondary response produces more antibodies and requires fewer antigen stimulations. Choice D is also incorrect as the secondary response is faster than the primary response.

Lysozyme acts on the bacterial:

  • A. cytoplasm
  • B. cell wall
  • C. nucleus
  • D. capsule
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cell wall. Lysozyme is an enzyme that targets the cell wall of bacteria by breaking down the peptidoglycan layer, leading to bacterial cell lysis. This action disrupts the structural integrity of the bacteria, ultimately causing their death. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lysozyme does not target the cytoplasm, nucleus, or capsule of bacteria. The primary function of lysozyme is to act on the cell wall, making option B the correct answer in this context.

Examples for chemical vaccines are:

  • A. Salk vaccine
  • B. HPV vaccine
  • C. Sabin vaccine
  • D. Shiga anatoxin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Shiga anatoxin. This is because the Salk and Sabin vaccines are actually for polio, not chemical vaccines. HPV vaccine is a biological vaccine, not a chemical one. Shiga anatoxin is a chemical vaccine used against Shigella bacteria, making it the only correct choice for chemical vaccines in this question.

According to their optimal growth temperatures, microorganisms are divided into:

  • A. Thermophilic and thermophobic
  • B. Psychophilic and psychophobic
  • C. Psychophilic, mesophilic, thermophilic
  • D. Thermophilic, thermophobic, mesophobic
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Psychrophilic: Grow best in cold temperatures
2. Mesophilic: Grow best in moderate temperatures
3. Thermophilic: Grow best in high temperatures
- Choice A is incorrect as "thermophobic" is not a recognized term.
- Choice B is incorrect as "psychophobic" is not a recognized term.
- Choice D is incorrect as "mesophobic" is not a recognized term.

Resident microflora is found in

  • A. blood
  • B. lung
  • C. urethra
  • D. cerebro-spinal fluid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: urethra. Resident microflora refers to the normal, beneficial bacteria that inhabit a specific area of the body without causing harm. The urethra is one of the locations where resident microflora are commonly found. These bacteria play a vital role in maintaining a healthy balance and preventing harmful pathogens from colonizing the urethra. Blood (A), lung (B), and cerebro-spinal fluid (D) are not typical locations for resident microflora as these areas are usually sterile or have very limited microbial presence to prevent infections.

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