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During fertility counseling, a patient asks about the impact of smoking on reproductive health. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Smoking has no significant effect on fertility.
- B. Smoking reduces fertility by impairing egg quality and sperm motility.
- C. Smoking enhances the effectiveness of fertility medications.
- D. Smoking affects only male fertility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Smoking reduces fertility by impairing egg quality and sperm motility. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarettes can damage reproductive organs and decrease the chances of conception. Smoking has been linked to decreased ovarian reserve in women and decreased sperm quality in men. Choice A is incorrect because smoking does have a significant negative effect on fertility. Choice C is incorrect as smoking does not enhance the effectiveness of fertility medications; in fact, it can reduce their effectiveness. Choice D is incorrect because smoking affects both male and female fertility, not just male fertility.
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A patient undergoing IUI asks how the procedure increases the chances of conception. What should the nurse explain?
- A. IUI bypasses the cervix, placing sperm directly in the uterus.
- B. IUI enhances egg quality before fertilization.
- C. IUI eliminates the need for ovulation tracking.
- D. IUI combines egg and sperm outside the body before transfer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) bypasses the cervix and places sperm directly in the uterus, increasing the chances of sperm reaching the fallopian tubes to fertilize the egg. This method improves the sperm's proximity to the egg, optimizing the chances of conception. The other choices are incorrect because B (enhancing egg quality) is not achieved through IUI, C (eliminating ovulation tracking) is not true as tracking is still necessary for timing the procedure, and D (combining egg and sperm outside the body) describes in vitro fertilization (IVF), not IUI.
During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Estrogen triggers the release of mature eggs from the ovaries.
- B. Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation.
- C. Estrogen prevents ovulation during pregnancy.
- D. Estrogen regulates the production of progesterone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation. Estrogen plays a key role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. This process occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Choice A is incorrect because ovulation is primarily triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, not estrogen. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen levels decrease during pregnancy, allowing ovulation to occur. Choice D is incorrect because while estrogen and progesterone work together in the menstrual cycle, estrogen does not directly regulate progesterone production.
When teaching a woman fertility awareness, the nurse should emphasize that the basal body temperature:
- A. Is the average temperature taken each morning.
- B. Should be recorded each morning before any activity.
- C. Has the highest degree of accuracy for predicting ovulation.
- D. Can be taken with any digital thermometer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The basal body temperature should be recorded each morning before any activity to ensure accuracy in predicting ovulation. Taking it at the same time each day, before any activity, will provide consistent and reliable results.
Lisa, a 35-year-old practicing attorney and marathon runner, presents to the clinic with a complaint of irregular menses. She tells the nurse, 'My husband and I want to start a family but it hasn't happened yet. We stopped using birth control 6 months ago. Should we be concerned?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Relax and it will happen.
- B. No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- C. Aging and extreme exercise regimens may impact fertility. You should address your concerns with your provider during today's visit.
- D. Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the potential impact of aging and extreme exercise on fertility, prompting further evaluation by the healthcare provider. Lisa's age and intense exercise regimen are important factors to consider since they can affect her ability to conceive. By addressing her concerns during the visit, the nurse can gather more information, assess potential fertility issues, and provide appropriate guidance or referrals.
Choice A is incorrect because it dismisses Lisa's concerns without addressing potential underlying issues. Choice B is incorrect as it sets a timeline for infertility diagnosis that is generally accepted after 1 year of unprotected intercourse for women under 35 years old, but Lisa's age and lifestyle may warrant earlier evaluation. Choice D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the issue by suggesting only a change in exercise routine as a solution without considering other potential factors impacting fertility.
A patient asks about the purpose of progesterone injections after embryo transfer. What should the nurse explain?
- A. They increase the number of eggs released in future cycles.
- B. They support the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy maintenance.
- C. They prevent ovarian cyst formation during fertility treatment.
- D. They reduce pregnancy symptoms such as nausea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone injections support the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Progesterone is essential for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining a pregnancy. After embryo transfer, progesterone helps thicken the uterine lining, making it more receptive to the embryo for successful implantation. Other choices are incorrect: A is incorrect because progesterone does not affect the number of eggs released in future cycles; C is incorrect because progesterone does not prevent ovarian cyst formation; D is incorrect because while progesterone can help alleviate some pregnancy symptoms, its primary role is in supporting the uterine lining for pregnancy.