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During IVF, a patient asks about the role of estrogen in preparing for embryo transfer. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Estrogen helps regulate ovarian stimulation protocols.
- B. Estrogen thickens the uterine lining, creating a supportive environment for implantation.
- C. Estrogen prevents premature ovulation during stimulation cycles.
- D. Estrogen eliminates the need for progesterone support post-transfer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because estrogen plays a crucial role in thickening the uterine lining, creating a supportive environment for embryo implantation during IVF. This is essential for successful pregnancy. Estrogen does not directly regulate ovarian stimulation protocols (choice A), prevent premature ovulation (choice C), or eliminate the need for progesterone support post-transfer (choice D). Estrogen primarily focuses on preparing the uterus for implantation rather than affecting other aspects of the IVF process.
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A woman is informed that she is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease, an autosomal recessive illness. What is her phenotype?
- A. She has one recessive gene and one normal gene.
- B. She has two recessive genes.
- C. She exhibits all symptoms of the disease.
- D. She exhibits no symptoms of the disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carriers of autosomal recessive diseases do not exhibit symptoms.
During a consultation, a patient asks about egg freezing. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Egg freezing is only for women over 35.
- B. The quality of eggs decreases with age, so earlier freezing is recommended.
- C. Frozen eggs can only be used within five years.
- D. Egg freezing eliminates the need for hormonal treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the quality of eggs decreases with age due to biological factors, making earlier egg freezing more effective. Freezing eggs at a younger age preserves better quality eggs for future use in assisted reproduction techniques. Choice A is incorrect as egg freezing is not limited to women over 35. Choice C is incorrect as frozen eggs can be stored for much longer than five years. Choice D is incorrect because egg freezing does not eliminate the need for hormonal treatments; it simply preserves eggs for future use.
A couple is learning about assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Which method involves retrieving eggs and fertilizing them outside the body?
- A. Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
- B. In-vitro fertilization (IVF)
- C. Ovarian stimulation
- D. Egg freezing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: In-vitro fertilization (IVF). In IVF, eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish. This method involves fertilization outside the body, making it the correct choice.
A: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus, not fertilizing eggs outside the body.
C: Ovarian stimulation is a process to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs but does not involve fertilization outside the body.
D: Egg freezing is a method where eggs are frozen for future use but does not involve fertilization outside the body.
A nurse is counseling a couple on lifestyle modifications to improve fertility. Which recommendation is most appropriate?
- A. Increase caffeine intake for better energy.
- B. Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking.
- C. Engage in intensive daily exercise.
- D. Focus solely on timing of intercourse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking. This recommendation is most appropriate because both factors significantly impact fertility. Being at a healthy weight improves hormonal balance and ovulation, while smoking can harm sperm quality and reduce fertility.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Increasing caffeine intake may negatively affect fertility, as high levels of caffeine have been linked to reduced fertility in both men and women.
C: Engaging in intensive daily exercise can actually disrupt menstrual cycles and ovulation, negatively impacting fertility.
D: Focusing solely on timing of intercourse overlooks the importance of overall lifestyle factors that can affect fertility, such as diet, weight, and smoking.
A patient undergoing infertility treatment asks about the importance of stress management. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Stress has no impact on fertility treatment outcomes.
- B. Stress can negatively affect hormone levels and ovulation.
- C. Managing stress is only important after conception occurs.
- D. Stress is a common cause of infertility in both partners.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because stress can indeed negatively affect hormone levels and ovulation, thereby impacting fertility treatment outcomes. High levels of stress can disrupt the delicate balance of hormones involved in the reproductive process, leading to irregular ovulation and potentially hindering conception. It is essential for patients undergoing infertility treatment to manage stress effectively to optimize their chances of success.
Choice A is incorrect because research suggests that stress can impact fertility treatment outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as stress management is important throughout the fertility treatment process, not just after conception. Choice D is incorrect because while stress can contribute to infertility, it is not always the primary cause and can affect fertility differently in each partner.