Microbiology An Introduction 12th Edition Test Bank

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During the examination of a patient, who had been to the mountain pasture and had been hospitalized in a bad condition with fever, the doctor found out the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes to 8 cm, which were attached to the surrounding tissues, immovable, the skin above them was red and tender. The microscopic examination of the node revealed acute serohemorrhagic inflammation. What disease is it typical for?

  • A. Brucellosis
  • B. Plague
  • C. Anthrax
  • D. Tularemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale:
1. The patient has symptoms of fever, enlarged lymph nodes, red and tender skin, which are indicative of systemic infection.
2. The inguinal lymph nodes in plague become enlarged, tender, and painful, forming buboes.
3. The presence of acute serohemorrhagic inflammation in the lymph node is characteristic of plague.
4. Plague is a zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, commonly transmitted through fleas from rodents.
5. Brucellosis, anthrax, and tularemia do not typically present with inguinal lymph node involvement and acute serohemorrhagic inflammation.
Summary:
- Brucellosis: Usually presents with flu-like symptoms, joint pain, and fever, not inguinal lymph node enlargement.
- Anthrax: Presents with skin lesions, respiratory symptoms, or gastrointestinal symptoms, not inguinal lymph node involvement.
- Tularemia: Presents with fever, skin ulcers,

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On the 15-th day after a minor trauma of the right foot a patient felt malaise, fatigability, irritability, headache, high body temperature, feeling of compression, tension and muscular twitching of his right crus. What disease can it be?

  • A. Tetanus
  • B. Anaerobic gas gangrene
  • C. Erysipelas
  • D. Acute thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetanus. Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin affecting the nervous system. Symptoms such as malaise, irritability, muscular twitching, and high body temperature are characteristic of tetanus due to muscle spasms and rigidity. The 15-day incubation period after trauma aligns with the typical onset of tetanus symptoms.

Incorrect choices:
B: Anaerobic gas gangrene - This condition usually presents with localized tissue necrosis and gas bubbles in the affected area, not systemic symptoms like malaise and headache.
C: Erysipelas - This is a bacterial skin infection presenting with red, swollen patches, not the neurological symptoms seen in tetanus.
D: Acute thrombophlebitis - This is a blood clot in a vein causing pain and swelling, not associated with the systemic symptoms and muscle twitching seen in tetanus.

The most common bacterial nonsexually transmitted infection of the male reproductive system is:

  • A. cystitis
  • B. prostatitis
  • C. mastitis
  • D. nephritis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: prostatitis. Prostatitis is the most common bacterial infection affecting the male reproductive system. It is characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland due to bacterial infection. Symptoms include pain in the pelvic area, difficulty urinating, and fever. Cystitis (A) is a bladder infection, not specific to the male reproductive system. Mastitis (C) is inflammation of the breast tissue, which is not related to the male reproductive system. Nephritis (D) is inflammation of the kidneys, which is also not specific to the male reproductive system.

Infectious process is:

  • A. Clinically manifested disease
  • B. Infectious disease with typical symptoms
  • C. Interrelation between the macro- and micro organism
  • D. Ambulatory form of infection
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Infectious process involves interactions between macro and microorganisms.
2. It is not limited to manifested diseases or typical symptoms.
3. The process can occur without leading to a full-blown infectious disease.
4. Choice C correctly captures the dynamic relationship between different organisms.
Summary:
- A: Incorrect - Infectious process is not solely about clinically manifested diseases.
- B: Incorrect - Not all infectious diseases have typical symptoms.
- D: Incorrect - Ambulatory form is a specific type, not encompassing all infectious processes.

This drug has a destructive effect on erythrocytic forms of malarial plasmodia and dysenteric amoebae. It is used for treatment and prevention of such diseases as malaria, amebiasis and interstitial disease. What drug is it?

  • A. Chingamin
  • B. Emetine hydrochloride
  • C. Quinine
  • D. Erythromycin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Quinine. Quinine is known for its destructive effect on erythrocytic forms of malarial plasmodia and dysenteric amoebae. It is commonly used for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as malaria, amebiasis, and interstitial disease. Quinine works by interfering with the parasite's ability to break down hemoglobin in red blood cells, ultimately leading to their destruction.

Incorrect choices:
A: Chingamin - Chingamin is not typically used to treat malaria, amebiasis, or interstitial disease.
B: Emetine hydrochloride - Emetine hydrochloride is primarily used for treating amoebic dysentery and is not commonly used for malaria treatment.
D: Erythromycin - Erythromycin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not parasitic infections like malaria or amebiasis.

The etiological agent of Q-fever is:

  • A. Bunyaviridae
  • B. Coxiella burneti
  • C. Rickettsia conorii
  • D. Filoviridae
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Coxiella burnetii. Q-fever is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. It is not caused by viruses like Bunyaviridae or Filoviridae. Rickettsia conorii causes Mediterranean spotted fever, not Q-fever. Coxiella burnetii is the only bacterium among the choices known to be the etiological agent of Q-fever.

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