Nokea
During the follicular phase of the female menstrual cycle
- A. the secretion of luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone are being inhibited by the corpus luteum
- B. the corpus luteum is developing
- C. progesterone is being secreted
- D. oestrogen is at its highest level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the follicular phase, the correct answer is D because it is when the ovaries produce estrogen to stimulate the thickening of the uterine lining. This prepares the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. In contrast, choice A is incorrect because the corpus luteum is not formed until after ovulation. Choice B is incorrect as the corpus luteum forms after the egg is released. Choice C is incorrect because progesterone is mainly secreted during the luteal phase to maintain the uterine lining.
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Where does fertilization usually occur in the female reproductive system?
- A. Ovary
- B. Vesicular (Graafian) follicle
- C. Uterine (fallopian) tubes
- D. Uterus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the uterine (fallopian) tubes. This is where fertilization usually occurs as it is the site where the egg and sperm meet. The egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo will then travel to the uterus for implantation. The other choices are incorrect because fertilization does not typically occur in the ovary (A) or vesicular (Graafian) follicle (B). While the uterus (D) is where the embryo implants and develops into a fetus, fertilization itself does not occur there.
Which hormone triggers ovulation?
- A. GnRH
- B. LH
- C. FSH
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers ovulation. Firstly, LH surge stimulates the release of the mature egg from the ovary. Secondly, it plays a crucial role in the development of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation. GnRH (Choice A) is the hormone that stimulates the release of LH and FSH (Choice C) from the pituitary gland, but it does not directly trigger ovulation. Estrogen (Choice D) is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterine lining for implantation but does not directly trigger ovulation.
The urethra passes through the _____ of the penis.
- A. tunica albuginea
- B. prepuce
- C. corpora spongiosum
- D. corpora cavernosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: corpora spongiosum. The urethra passes through the corpora spongiosum of the penis, which is a spongy tissue that surrounds the urethra. This allows for the passage of urine and semen during ejaculation. The other choices are incorrect because: A) The tunica albuginea is a fibrous covering of the corpora cavernosa, not the urethra. B) The prepuce is the foreskin that covers the glans penis, not part of the urethra. D) The corpora cavernosa are erectile tissue responsible for penile erection, not part of the urethra's pathway.
The major hormone secreted from granulosa cells is
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen. Granulosa cells are located in the ovarian follicles and are responsible for producing estrogen, a key female sex hormone. Estrogen plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone is mainly produced by the corpus luteum, testosterone is primarily produced by the testes in males, and aldosterone is synthesized in the adrenal glands. Granulosa cells do not secrete these hormones, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.
Choose the statement that is NOT TRUE:
- A. Fragmentation is followed by regeneration.
- B. The offspring from asexual reproduction is genetically identical.
- C. The embryo of ovoviviparous gets nourishment from the egg yolk.
- D. Crossing-over occurs between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because crossing-over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, not between sister chromatids. This genetic exchange results in genetic variation. Fragmentation is followed by regeneration in some organisms, asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, and ovoviviparous embryos do get nourishment from the egg yolk.