Nokea
During the postovulatory phase of the cycle, the greatest percentage of progesterone is produced by the:
- A. Corpus albicans
- B. Corpus luteum
- C. Primary graafian follicle
- D. Uterus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The corpus luteum is the primary source of progesterone during the postovulatory phase.
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A prolapsed uterus results from weakening of the supporting ligaments of the uterus, which permits retroflexion (backward tilt) and descent of the uterus into the vagina.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. NA
- D. NA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weakening of the supporting ligaments can lead to a prolapsed uterus.
A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman presents with a sensation of pelvic heaviness and states she feels like something is sitting in her vagina. On examination, the provider notes a visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is consistent with these findings?
- A. pelvic floor prolapse
- B. DES exposure
- C. vaginal septum
- D. bladder fistula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pelvic floor prolapse. This condition is characterized by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, leading to descent of pelvic organs such as the bladder into the vagina. The patient's symptoms of pelvic heaviness and sensation of something in her vagina are classic signs of pelvic floor prolapse. Examination findings of visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall further support this diagnosis.
Explanation of incorrect choices:
B: DES exposure - This is not a structural disorder of the female reproductive system. DES exposure is associated with adverse effects on reproductive health but does not present with visible bladder protrusion.
C: Vaginal septum - This is a congenital anomaly where the vagina is divided by a septum. It does not typically present with bladder protrusion.
D: Bladder fistula - This is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another structure. While it can cause urinary symptoms, it does not typically present with visible bladder protrusion into the vagina.
If testing after birth shows that a neonate has inherited galactosemia, an inborn error of metabolism, the neonate should be fed
- A. human milk
- B. whey-based formula
- C. soy-based formula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Soy-based formulas lack lactose and galactose, making them suitable for infants with galactosemia.
The chromosomal disorder CORRECTLY matched with its karyotype is:
- A. Turner’s syndrome – 45X0
- B. Klinefelter’s syndrome – XYY
- C. Patau’s syndrome – Trisomy 21
- D. Edward’s syndrome – Trisomy 13
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Turner's syndrome is characterized by a missing X chromosome, resulting in a karyotype of 45X0.
2. Klinefelter's syndrome involves an extra X chromosome, leading to a karyotype of 47XXY.
3. Patau's syndrome is Trisomy 13, not Trisomy 21.
4. Edward's syndrome is Trisomy 18, not Trisomy 13.
Therefore, the correct answer is A because Turner's syndrome is correctly matched with a karyotype of 45X0.
The innermost layer of the wall of the uterus is the stratum:
- A. Myometrium
- B. Compactum
- C. Spongiosum
- D. Basale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the stratum compactum.