Nokea
During the week following ovulation, the endometrium increases in thickness to 5 to 6 millimeters. What stimulates this increase in thickness?
- A. Luteinizing hormone
- B. Estrogen from the corpus luteum
- C. Progesterone from the corpus luteum
- D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Progesterone from the corpus luteum. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for preparing the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg by increasing its thickness. Luteinizing hormone (A) triggers ovulation but does not directly affect endometrial thickness. Estrogen from the corpus luteum (B) also plays a role in preparing the endometrium but does not specifically stimulate the increase in thickness. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) primarily regulates the development of ovarian follicles and does not directly influence endometrial thickness.
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The purpose of the urethra is to
- A. carry only urine
- B. carry only semen
- C. carry a mixture of semen and urine
- D. carry both semen and urine but not at the same time
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The urethra is a tube that carries both urine from the bladder and semen from the reproductive system. This is essential for the excretion of waste (urine) and reproduction (semen). Choice A is incorrect because the urethra carries both urine and semen. Choice B is incorrect as the urethra carries both substances, not just semen. Choice C is incorrect because the urethra carries semen and urine separately, not as a mixture. Overall, choice D is correct because the urethra can carry both semen and urine, just not simultaneously.
The ducts or tubes responsible for receiving the ovulated oocyte and providing the site for fertilization are the ________.
- A. uterine (fallopian) tubes
- B. vagina
- C. ductus deferens
- D. uterus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: uterine (fallopian) tubes. These tubes receive the ovulated oocyte from the ovary and provide the site for fertilization. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: The vagina is the birth canal and site for sperm deposition, not fertilization.
C: The ductus deferens is part of the male reproductive system, not involved in fertilization.
D: The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, it is not the site for fertilization.
What normally inhibits testosterone production?
- A. increasing FSH
- B. increasing ICSH
- C. decreasing ICSH
- D. decreasing FSH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because increasing ICSH (Luteinizing Hormone) inhibits testosterone production by exerting negative feedback on the testes. ICSH stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. When testosterone levels rise, it signals the pituitary gland to decrease ICSH secretion, thus inhibiting further testosterone production.
A: Increasing FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) does not inhibit testosterone production.
C: Decreasing ICSH would lead to reduced stimulation of Leydig cells and lower testosterone production.
D: Decreasing FSH would not directly inhibit testosterone production as FSH primarily stimulates sperm production in the testes.
On inspection of the external male genitalia, the nurse notes which finding as abnormal?
- A. The scrotum is covered with dark rugous skin.
- B. The skin covering the penis is hairless and loose.
- C. The urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis.
- D. The left side of the scrotum hangs slightly lower than the right.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the urinary meatus should be located at the tip of the penis, not on the upper surface. This abnormality may indicate a condition like hypospadias. Option A describes normal scrotum skin. Option B describes normal penile skin. Option D describes a normal anatomical variation in scrotal positioning.
Which hormone initiates and sustains labor contractions?
- A. estrogen
- B. HCG
- C. relaxin
- D. oxytocin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: oxytocin. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for initiating and sustaining labor contractions by stimulating the uterine muscles. It acts on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus to increase contractions. Estrogen (A) plays a role in preparing the uterus for labor but doesn't initiate contractions. HCG (B) is a hormone produced during pregnancy but is not directly involved in labor. Relaxin (C) helps relax the pelvic ligaments to facilitate childbirth, but it doesn't initiate contractions.