Nokea
During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
- A. S phase
- B. interphase
- C. mitosis
- D. meiosis I
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is meiosis I. Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes (sperm and egg). In meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) by separating homologous chromosomes. This reduction in chromosome number is crucial for maintaining the correct chromosome count in sexually reproducing organisms and ensuring genetic diversity in offspring.
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What will happen to a hard-boiled egg if placed in a beaker of saltwater?
- A. Expand due to water moving into the egg
- B. Shrivel due to water leaving the egg
- C. Remain the same
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, a hypertonic solution, water will move out of the egg through osmosis. The saltwater's higher solute concentration causes water to leave the egg in an attempt to balance the concentrations, resulting in the egg losing water and shrinking, leading to it shriveling.
Which antioxidant is identified as a healing vitamin?
- A. A
- B. D.
- C. K
- D. E
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
What organisms cannot produce energy without oxygen?
- A. Obligate anaerobes.
- B. Strict aerobes.
- C. Facultative aerobes.
- D. Facultative anaerobes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Strict aerobes
Rationale:
1. Strict aerobes require oxygen for energy production through aerobic respiration.
2. Without oxygen, strict aerobes cannot generate energy efficiently.
3. Obligate anaerobes (A) do not require oxygen and can produce energy through anaerobic respiration.
4. Facultative aerobes (C) can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on oxygen availability.
5. Facultative anaerobes (D) can generate energy through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, depending on the environment.
Summary:
Strict aerobes are organisms that solely rely on oxygen for energy production. Other choices (A, C, D) can adapt their energy production methods based on oxygen availability.
Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Lysosome
- D. Vacuole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that it receives from the endoplasmic reticulum. After processing these materials, the Golgi apparatus transports them to other parts of the cell or outside the cell. It acts as a distribution center within the cell, ensuring that different molecules reach their correct destinations for various cellular functions.
Why is DNA crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell?
- A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
- B. It provides cell wall stability.
- C. It increases glucose absorption.
- D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DNA is crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell because it contains the genetic information necessary to regulate the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing biochemical reactions involved in metabolic processes within the cell. DNA controls the production of enzymes, which are vital for driving various metabolic pathways. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as DNA's role in controlling enzyme synthesis is fundamental for the cell's metabolic activities.