Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF

Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Related

Review Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF related questions and content

Each of the following parasympathomimetic drugs is correctly matched with an appropriate pharmacological action EXCEPT:

  • A. Methacholine - vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
  • B. Neostigmine - stimulation of skeletal muscles
  • C. Pilocarpine - increased sweat secretion
  • D. Bethanechol - increased intraocular pressure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic drug that primarily acts on muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, causing increased smooth muscle contraction and promoting urination and improved GI motility. It does not affect intraocular pressure.
A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Methacholine - acts as a muscarinic agonist causing bronchoconstriction, not vasodilation.
B: Neostigmine - inhibits acetylcholinesterase leading to increased acetylcholine levels, enhancing neuromuscular transmission, not directly stimulating skeletal muscles.
C: Pilocarpine - acts on muscarinic receptors in the eye, causing miosis and increased aqueous humor outflow, not increased sweat secretion.

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State what the oesophagus connects to?

  • A. Throat to lungs
  • B. Duodenum to gall bladder
  • C. Pancreas to duodenum
  • D. Throat to stomach
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Throat to stomach. The esophagus connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach, allowing food to pass from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. Choice A is incorrect as the esophagus does not connect the throat to the lungs. Choices B and C are also incorrect as they mention connections that do not involve the esophagus. The esophagus specifically functions to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for further digestion.

The nurse has to assess a client's mental and emotional status before he or she can begin therapy for treatment of an endocrine disorder. Which of the following can be tested to assess the client's mental and emotional status?

  • A. Ability to respond to questions
  • B. Motor function
  • C. Sleep and awake cycles
  • D. Facial expression
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Assessing a client's ability to respond to questions helps evaluate cognitive function, which is important for understanding their mental and emotional status.

A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with diabetes. What does the nurse recognize about the management of diabetes in the older adult?

  • A. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients.
  • B. It usually is not treated unless the patient becomes severely hyperglycemic.
  • C. It does not include treatment with insulin because of limited dexterity and vision.
  • D. It usually requires that a younger family member be responsible for care of the patient
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In older adults, achieving strict glucose control may be more difficult due to factors such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, and decreased physiological reserve.

Glucagon:

  • A. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
  • B. regulates sodium and water balance.
  • C. is a steroid.
  • D. is a glucocorticoid.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
2. It is released in response to low blood glucose levels to increase blood sugar.
3. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
4. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of glucagon.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because glucagon does not regulate sodium and water balance. Choice C is incorrect as glucagon is not a steroid hormone. Choice D is incorrect as glucagon is not a glucocorticoid hormone.

Which one of the following drugs can trigger severe bronchospasm in a patient who has asthma?

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Isoproterenol
  • C. Phenylephrine
  • D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propranolol. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can trigger severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma by blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchoconstriction. Atropine (A) is an anticholinergic drug that dilates the airways. Isoproterenol (B) is a beta-agonist that relaxes the airway smooth muscles. Phenylephrine (C) is a sympathomimetic drug that constricts blood vessels, not airways.

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