Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF

Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Related

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The anterior pituitary gland:

  • A. is called the neurohypophysis.
  • B. releases ADH and oxytocin.
  • C. secretes releasing hormones.
  • D. is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The anterior pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
2. This connection allows for the transport of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
3. Releasing hormones stimulate the anterior pituitary to release specific hormones.
4. This communication pathway is essential for regulating hormone production and maintaining homeostasis.

Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect. The neurohypophysis refers to the posterior pituitary, not the anterior pituitary.
B: Incorrect. ADH and oxytocin are released from the posterior pituitary, not the anterior pituitary.
C: Incorrect. Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the anterior pituitary.

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Which of the Following Hormones Regulate Blood Sodium and Potassium Levels in the Body?

  • A. Aldosterone
  • B. Cortisol
  • C. Glycogens
  • D. Pheromones
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Aldosterone is the correct answer as it specifically regulates blood sodium and potassium levels by acting on the kidneys to enhance sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Cortisol is a stress hormone, not directly involved in electrolyte regulation. Glycogens are stored glucose molecules, not hormones. Pheromones are chemical signals for communication, not involved in electrolyte balance.

Tropic hormones:

  • A. stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones
  • B. stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones
  • C. stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
  • D. stimulate nervous tissue
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. Tropic hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland and act on target glands to regulate the secretion of specific hormones. They help maintain homeostasis by controlling hormone levels in the body. Choices A and B are incorrect because tropic hormones do not target the pineal gland or thymus gland. Choice D is incorrect because tropic hormones primarily target endocrine glands, not nervous tissue. In summary, tropic hormones play a key role in regulating hormone production in other endocrine glands, making choice C the correct answer.

A nurse is taking care of a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. Which of the following is a priority area for the nurse in evaluating a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome?

  • A. Skin color
  • B. Hydration status
  • C. Temperature
  • D. Response to diet
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The priority concern for clients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is their hydration status, as dehydration is a key factor in this condition.

State what the oesophagus connects to?

  • A. Throat to lungs
  • B. Duodenum to gall bladder
  • C. Pancreas to duodenum
  • D. Throat to stomach
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Throat to stomach. The esophagus connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach, allowing food to pass from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. Choice A is incorrect as the esophagus does not connect the throat to the lungs. Choices B and C are also incorrect as they mention connections that do not involve the esophagus. The esophagus specifically functions to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for further digestion.

Why are the hormones cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone referred to as counter regulatory hormones?

  • A. Decrease glucose production
  • B. Stimulate glucose output by the liver
  • C. Increase glucose transport into the cells
  • D. Independently regulate glucose level in the blood
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Counter regulatory hormones, including cortisol and glucagon, stimulate the liver to release glucose to counteract hypoglycemia.

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