Nokea
Enzyme pepsin acts upon food at a pH of about-
- A. 1.8 to split proteins
- B. 2 to split carbohydrate
- C. 7 to change protein into peptones
- D. 2 to change protein in amino acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pepsin works at a pH of about 1.8 to break down proteins into peptides.
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An older adult client asks the nurse why laxatives are frequently required to have a bowel movement. The nurse bases the response to this question on knowledge that:
- A. Older adults frequently abuse laxatives
- B. Laxatives are very often contraindicated in the older population
- C. Enemas are preferred over laxatives to evacuate the bowel
- D. Decreased bowel peristalsis is common in older adults
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aging often reduces peristalsis, slowing bowel movements and increasing the need for laxatives.
What are the advantages of chewing food at the start of digestion?
- A. increasing surface area
- B. lubricating food
- C. making food soluble
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chewing increases the surface area for enzyme action, lubricates food with saliva, and helps dissolve food particles.
Match: Lipid
- A. a fat made of three fatty acids joined to one glycerol
- B. composed of monosaccharides
- C. used for enzymatic activity
- D. major source of quick energy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lipids, or triglycerides, consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule and provide energy storage.
Sweating during exercise will cause loss of water to the body. It is important to replace the water or could set in:
- A. leukemia
- B. dehydration
- C. heart disease
- D. diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds intake, a common risk during exercise.
Which juice secreted by the organs in the alimentary canal plays an important role in the digestion of fats?
- A. Pancreatic juice
- B. Saliva
- C. Bile juice
- D. Hydrochloric acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bile juice, secreted by the liver, plays an important role in the digestion of fats by emulsifying them. It does not contain enzymes but helps break down fat molecules into smaller droplets for further digestion.