Nokea
Epilepsy is considered a diagnosis when there are how many unprovoked seizures?
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epilepsy is diagnosed when an individual experiences at least two unprovoked seizures separated by more than 24 hours. This criterion helps distinguish epilepsy from isolated seizure events caused by temporary factors like fever or alcohol withdrawal.
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When comparing a CVA and TIA, the nurse knows this is unique about TIAs:
- A. TIAs have permanent long-term focal deficits
- B. TIAs are intermittent with spontaneous resolution of the neurologic deficit
- C. TIAs are intermittent with permanent motor and sensory deficits
- D. TIAs have permanent long-term neurologic deficits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are characterized by temporary neurological deficits that resolve spontaneously within 24 hours. Unlike strokes, TIAs do not cause permanent damage but are warning signs of an increased risk for future strokes. Immediate evaluation and intervention are necessary to prevent a full-blown stroke.
The Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around the:
- A. dendrites
- B. cell body
- C. nucleus
- D. axon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Schwann cells are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Dendrites, cell bodies, nuclei, and nodes of Ranvier are not directly myelinated by Schwann cells. Therefore, D is the correct answer.
If a patient displays a positive Babinski sign, the nurse should:
- A. Document the finding and consider further evaluation for neurological abnormalities.
- B. Ignore the finding as it is a normal response.
- C. Measure the patient's blood glucose levels.
- D. Assess the patient's skin color and temperature.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates possible neurological dysfunction and requires documentation and further evaluation. Ignoring the finding or assessing unrelated parameters is inappropriate.
The following muscles are supplied by posterior rami of spinal nerves EXCEPT
- A. Erector spinae
- B. Levator costae
- C. Splenius
- D. Scalene posterior
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The scalene muscles are innervated by the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves, not the posterior rami. The posterior rami supply intrinsic back muscles like the erector spinae.
Which of the following pathways is not concerned with posture and movement?
- A. Spinocerebellar
- B. Vestibulospinal
- C. Tractus solitarius
- D. ?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The tractus solitarius is involved in taste and visceral sensation, not posture and movement. The spinocerebellar and vestibulospinal tracts are involved in motor coordination and balance.