Nokea
The nurse is explaining the neurological system to a group of nursing students. How many pairs of spinal nerves should the nurse explain are contained within the human body?
- A. 15
- B. 25
- C. 31
- D. 42
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Understanding the anatomy of the spinal nerves is essential for explaining neurological function.
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A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder. To help the patient eat, the nurse should:
- A. establish a buddy system with other patients who can feed the patient at each meal.
- B. expect the patient to feed himself or herself after explaining the arrangement of the food on the tray.
- C. direct the patient to locate items on the tray independently and feed himself or herself unassisted.
- D. address the needs of other patients in the dining room, and then feed this patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Expecting the patient to feed himself/herself after explaining the arrangement of the food on the tray promotes independence and autonomy.
2. It respects the patient's capabilities and encourages self-reliance, which is important for rehabilitation in functional neurological disorders.
3. Providing clear instructions can help the patient navigate the task despite the blindness, fostering a sense of accomplishment.
4. This approach aligns with patient-centered care principles, prioritizing the patient's dignity and self-care abilities.
Summary of other choices:
A. Establishing a buddy system may not address the patient's need for independence and could potentially undermine their self-esteem.
C. Directing the patient to locate items independently may not be practical or safe given the blindness, and it may lead to frustration.
D. Neglecting the patient's needs in favor of others is not in line with providing individualized care and could compromise patient outcomes.
The following are true about spectral sensitivity of the retina:
- A. in scotopic conditions, the peak sensitivity of the eye is near 500 nm
- B. under photopic conditions the peak sensitivity is near 555 nm
- C. in the presence of a bright yellow steady background light the retina has a peak sensitivity near 440 nm to a 25-Hz stimulus
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scotopic sensitivity peaks at 500 nm, photopic at 555 nm, and a yellow background shifts sensitivity to 440 nm for a 25-Hz stimulus. All statements are correct.
The following are true about the pupils:
- A. pupil size is largest in adolescence
- B. physiological anisocoria is found in 20% of the population
- C. the latent period of the pupil reaction to light ranges from 0.2 to 0.5s
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pupil size is largest in adolescence and decreases with age. Physiological anisocoria (unequal pupil size) is present in about 20% of the population. The latent period for the pupillary light reflex is typically 0.2 to 0.5 seconds.
An interneuron has _____________.
- A. long dendrites and a short axon
- B. long dendrites and a long axon
- C. short dendrites and a long axon
- D. short dendrites and a long or short axon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interneurons, which are found within the CNS, typically have short dendrites and either a long or short axon. These neurons act as connectors between sensory and motor neurons, integrating and processing information to generate appropriate responses. The structure of interneurons allows them to facilitate communication within the CNS, enabling complex reflexes and higher-order cognitive functions.
The diameter of a motor nerve fibre is
- A. 1-2 micrometre
- B. 3-5 micrometre
- C. 5-12 micrometre
- D. 12-20 micrometre
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Motor nerve fibers, such as alpha motor neurons, typically have a diameter of 12-20 micrometers. Larger diameters allow for faster conduction of action potentials.