Nokea
The vagus nerve
- A. Arises from the medulla as a single nerve
- B. Receives nucleus ambiguous fibres from the accessory nerve
- C. Supplies motor fibres to the diaphragm
- D. Supplies sensory fibres to the facial region
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vagus nerve receives motor fibers from the nucleus ambiguus, which also contributes to the accessory nerve. It innervates muscles of the pharynx and larynx.
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A patient learns that abdominal pain is originating from the liver. The nurse should explain to the patient that the impulses from receptors in the internal organs to the central nervous system are transmitted from which type of neurons?
- A. Interneurons
- B. Efferent neurons
- C. Somatic sensory neurons
- D. Visceral sensory neurons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Visceral sensory neurons transmit impulses from internal organs, such as the liver, to the central nervous system. Somatic sensory neurons transmit impulses from the skin and skeletal muscles, while efferent neurons carry motor impulses. Interneurons are found entirely within the central nervous system. This distinction is important for understanding pain pathways.
A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder. To help the patient eat, the nurse should:
- A. establish a buddy system with other patients who can feed the patient at each meal.
- B. expect the patient to feed himself or herself after explaining the arrangement of the food on the tray.
- C. direct the patient to locate items on the tray independently and feed himself or herself unassisted.
- D. address the needs of other patients in the dining room, and then feed this patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Expecting the patient to feed himself/herself after explaining the arrangement of the food on the tray promotes independence and autonomy.
2. It respects the patient's capabilities and encourages self-reliance, which is important for rehabilitation in functional neurological disorders.
3. Providing clear instructions can help the patient navigate the task despite the blindness, fostering a sense of accomplishment.
4. This approach aligns with patient-centered care principles, prioritizing the patient's dignity and self-care abilities.
Summary of other choices:
A. Establishing a buddy system may not address the patient's need for independence and could potentially undermine their self-esteem.
C. Directing the patient to locate items independently may not be practical or safe given the blindness, and it may lead to frustration.
D. Neglecting the patient's needs in favor of others is not in line with providing individualized care and could compromise patient outcomes.
The tiny space between neurons or a neuron and its target muscle is the:
- A. dendrite
- B. axon
- C. neuron cell body
- D. synapse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The synapse is the tiny gap between neurons or between a neuron and its target cell, such as a muscle. It is the site where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals from one cell to another. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, triggering a response. The synapse is crucial for communication within the nervous system.
The nurse is explaining the neurological system to a group of nursing students. How many pairs of spinal nerves should the nurse explain are contained within the human body?
- A. 15
- B. 25
- C. 31
- D. 42
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Understanding the anatomy of the spinal nerves is essential for explaining neurological function.
Which of the following pathways is not concerned with posture and movement?
- A. Spinocerebellar
- B. Vestibulospinal
- C. Tractus solitarius
- D. ?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The tractus solitarius is involved in taste and visceral sensation, not posture and movement. The spinocerebellar and vestibulospinal tracts are involved in motor coordination and balance.