Nokea
Estrogen replacement therapy is given to relieve the symptoms of:
- A. Cervicitis
- B. Pregnancy
- C. Endometriosis
- D. Menopause
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen replacement therapy is given to relieve the symptoms of menopause because it helps alleviate hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and other menopausal symptoms by replacing the declining estrogen levels in the body. Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix and is not treated with estrogen therapy. Pregnancy naturally increases estrogen levels and does not require estrogen replacement therapy. Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus and is not specifically treated with estrogen replacement therapy. In summary, estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for menopausal symptoms due to declining estrogen levels.
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Which of the following cells could be fertilized?
- A. Polar body
- B. Primary oocyte
- C. Secondary oocyte
- D. Oogonium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary oocyte. After meiosis I, the primary oocyte forms a secondary oocyte. The secondary oocyte is the cell that can be fertilized by a sperm to form a zygote. Polar bodies are products of oogenesis that do not participate in fertilization. Oogonium is a primordial germ cell in the ovary that undergoes mitosis to form primary oocytes. Therefore, the secondary oocyte is the only viable option for fertilization among the choices provided.
Trabecular bone is otherwise called as
- A. Compact bone
- B. Cortical bone
- C. Spongy bone
- D. None of the abov
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trabecular bone, also known as spongy bone, is characterized by its porous structure with trabeculae. It is found at the ends of long bones and inside flat bones. Spongy bone provides structural support and flexibility. Compact bone (A) is dense and forms the outer layer of bones. Cortical bone (B) is synonymous with compact bone. Choice D is incorrect as trabecular bone is specifically known as spongy bone.
Which statement is true for the reproduction of reptiles and birds?
- A. Both newly hatched birds and reptiles require parental care
- B. They are both ovoviviparous.
- C. Both exhibit external fertilization.
- D. Both can reproduce asexually.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: They are both ovoviviparous. Reptiles and birds are ovoviviparous, meaning they lay eggs that hatch internally and give birth to live young. Reptiles and birds do not require parental care immediately after birth, so choice A is incorrect. They reproduce through internal fertilization, making choice C incorrect. Reproduction through asexual means is not common in reptiles and birds, making choice D incorrect.
The testicle vascularization:
- A. the arterial one is provided by the gonadal artery, a branch off the abdominal aorta;
- B. the venous one is tributary to the internal iliac vein;
- C. the arterial one is provided by the testicular artery, a branch off the internal iliac artery;
- D. the venous one is tributary to the inferior vena cava;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the arterial vascularization of the testicle is indeed provided by the gonadal artery, which is a branch off the abdominal aorta. This is anatomically accurate as the gonadal artery supplies blood to the testicles.
Choice B is incorrect because the venous drainage of the testicle is to the testicular vein, which drains into the inferior vena cava, not the internal iliac vein as stated in option B.
Choice C is incorrect because the testicular artery, not the internal iliac artery, is responsible for the arterial supply to the testicle.
Choice D is incorrect because the venous drainage of the testicle is not tributary to the inferior vena cava; instead, it drains into the left renal vein.
The inner lining of the vagina is _____ epithelium.
- A. simple cuboidal
- B. simple columnar
- C. mucous
- D. stratified squamous
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium is found in the vagina to provide protection against abrasion and infection due to its multiple layers of cells. The stratified nature allows for wear and tear resistance. Simple cuboidal and columnar epithelia are not ideal for this function due to their single layer structure. Mucous epithelium is not a recognized epithelial type.