Nokea
Evidence of increased pulmonary flow is associated with:
- A. Coarctation of the aorta
- B. Fallot's tetralogy
- C. Pneumocystis infection
- D. Ventricular septal defect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A ventricular septal defect (VSD) leads to increased pulmonary blood flow due to left-to-right shunting, resulting in pulmonary congestion.
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Regarding reflex anoxic seizures in children:
- A. ECG-rhythm strip is a must
- B. Asystole may be associated
- C. There is increased risk of epilepsy in adults
- D. Carbamazepine is the drug of choice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reflex anoxic seizures in children are often triggered by a sudden noxious stimulus leading to transient asystole (cessation of heart activity). An ECG-rhythm strip is not always necessary there is no increased risk of epilepsy in adults and carbamazepine is not the drug of choice. Trauma can be a precipitating factor but the most relevant option is asystole.
Renal damage is a recognised complication of infection with:
- A. Plasmodium Jalciparum
- B. Schistosoma haematobium
- C. Plasmodium malariae
- D. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagica
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leptospira icterohaemorrhagica can cause renal damage. Plasmodium species and Schistosoma are less commonly associated with renal complications.
A male client with diabetes mellitus (DM) is transferred from the hospital to a rehabilitation facility following treatment for a stroke with resulting right hemiplegia. He tells the nurse that his feet are always uncomfortably cool at night, preventing him from falling asleep. Which action should the nurse implement.
- A. Provide a warming pad (Aqua-pad or K-pad) to feet
- B. Medicate the client with a prescribed sedative
- C. Use a bed cradle to hold the covers off the feet
- D. Place warm blankets next to the client's feet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warm blankets can help improve circulation and provide comfort without the risk of burns associated with heating pads.
To reduce the risk for pulmonary complications for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), what interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Initiate passive range of motion exercises
- B. Establish a regular bladder routine
- C. Teach the client breathing exercises
- D. Perform chest physiotherapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and use of an incentive spirometer can help reduce the risk of pulmonary complications in ALS by improving lung function.
The following tests are routine in the management of an epileptic on carbamazepine:
- A. Blood counts
- B. Serum levels
- C. Liver function tests
- D. Renal function tests
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Liver function tests are routinely monitored in patients taking carbamazepine due to the risk of liver toxicity, which can occur with prolonged use.