Nokea
Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT __________.
- A. diabetes
- B. suppression of cancer
- C. giantism in children
- D. acromegally in adults
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess growth hormone suppresses cancer by promoting healthy cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Diabetes can result from growth hormone excess due to insulin resistance. Giantism in children and acromegaly in adults are both caused by excess growth hormone stimulating excessive skeletal and soft tissue growth. Therefore, the correct answer is B because excess growth hormone does not suppress cancer; it actually promotes cell growth and proliferation.
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Blood levels of which of the following substances is decreased in Graves disease?
- A. Triiodothyronine (T3)
- B. Thyroxine (T4)
- C. Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
- D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In Graves disease, there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones due to autoimmune stimulation. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is decreased because the excessive thyroid hormones suppress its production through negative feedback. A and B are incorrect because both T3 and T4 levels are elevated in Graves disease. C is incorrect as DIT is a precursor to thyroid hormones and its levels may not necessarily be decreased in Graves disease.
What is the speed of the wave?
- A. 1.5cm/s
- B. 3.0cm/s
- C. 300 cm/s
- D. 600 cm/s
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 600 cm/s. The speed of a wave is determined by the formula speed = frequency x wavelength. Given that the frequency and wavelength are constant, the only way to increase the speed is to increase the frequency or the wavelength. Since both frequency and wavelength are fixed, the speed can only be increased by increasing both. Choice D, 600 cm/s, is double the speed of choice C, 300 cm/s, which indicates that both frequency and wavelength have been doubled, leading to the correct answer. Choices A and B are too low to be correct, as they are not consistent with the principles of wave speed calculation.
A girl presents with delayed puberty, absent secondary sexual characteristics, and primary amenorrhea. She also appears to be hypertensive and hypokalemia. Which of the following enzymes is increased if there is virilization of a person?
- A. 11b-Hydroxylase
- B. 17a-Hydroxylase
- C. 21b-Hydroxylase
- D. Pyruvate Kinase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 11b-Hydroxylase. In cases of virilization, increased androgen production occurs. 11b-Hydroxylase is involved in the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone. When there is a deficiency in this enzyme, excess androgens are diverted towards the production of testosterone, leading to virilization. In contrast, choices B (17a-Hydroxylase) and C (21b-Hydroxylase) deficiencies result in decreased androgen production. Choice D, Pyruvate Kinase, is not related to steroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, the correct enzyme in this scenario is 11b-Hydroxylase.
Which of the following hormones helps conserve water during dehydration?
- A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
- B. Oxytocin
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone is the correct answer because it acts on the kidneys to increase reabsorption of sodium and water, helping conserve water during dehydration. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium excretion, oxytocin is involved in labor and milk ejection, and thyroxine regulates metabolism.
The home care nurse should intervene to correct a patient whose insulin administration includes
- A. warming a prefilled refrigerated syringe in the hands before administration.
- B. storing syringes prefilled with NPH and regular insulin needle-up in the refrigerator.
- C. placing the insulin bottle currently in use in a small container on the bathroom countertop.
- D. mixing an evening dose of regular insulin with insulin glargine in one syringe for administration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin glargine should never be mixed with other insulins. This could alter its action and effectiveness.