Nokea
Explain the different modes of ventilator.
- A. Controlled mechanical ventilation
- B. Assist-control mode
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Modes vary depending on the degree of support required by the patient.
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When reviewing a patient's four-week diet history, the cardiac-vascular nurse identifies a pattern of high-calorie intake on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights. The patient states that their spouse recently started taking a night class on those evenings at a local university. The patient's diet history indicates:
- A. a disabling family coping behavior.
- B. a lack of dietary instruction.
- C. a need for cooking classes.
- D. an individual coping behavior.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The eating pattern appears to be an individual coping behavior related to the spouse's absence.
Which of the following structures of the heart is called the pacemaker of the heart?
- A. AV junction
- B. SA node
- C. AV node
- D. Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates and regulates the heartbeat, acting as the heart's natural pacemaker.
Priority Decision: While teaching women about the risks and incidence of CAD, what does the nurse emphasize?
- A. Smoking is not as significant a risk factor for CAD in women as it is in men
- B. Women seek treatment sooner than men when they have symptoms of CAD
- C. Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women decreases the risk for CAD
- D. CAD is the leading cause of death in women, with a higher mortality rate after MI than in men
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CAD is a major cause of mortality in women.
What is the primary effect of a calcium channel blocker on the heart?
- A. Decreases heart rate
- B. Increases heart rate
- C. Increases blood pressure
- D. Decreases blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary effect of a calcium channel blocker on the heart is to decrease blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers block the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and the heart. This causes vasodilation and reduces the force of contraction in the heart, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. Choices A and B are incorrect as calcium channel blockers typically do not directly affect heart rate. Choice C is incorrect because calcium channel blockers actually tend to lower blood pressure rather than increase it.
What procedure uses a catheter to open up a blocked or narrowed coronary artery, often involving the placement of a stent?
- A. Angioplasty
- B. Echocardiogram
- C. CT angiography
- D. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angioplasty. During angioplasty, a catheter with a balloon at its tip is inserted into the blocked or narrowed coronary artery to widen the artery and improve blood flow. This procedure often involves the placement of a stent to help keep the artery open. Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure compared to a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), which requires open-heart surgery. Echocardiogram and CT angiography are diagnostic imaging tests and do not involve the insertion of a catheter to treat a blocked or narrowed coronary artery.