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Fill in the blank. The medical term for pain medications is
- A. analgesics
- B. antibiotics
- C. antidepressants
- D. anesthetics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Analgesics is the medical term for medications specifically used to relieve pain.
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Which of the following statements is(are) thought to accurately describe the gate control theory?
- A. Transmission of pain impulses to the central nervous system is controlled by a gate that is opened and closed by sensory stimulus.
- B. Stimulation of the broad nerve fibers by heat, cold, massage, and exercise is thought to open the gate, allowing pain impulses to be transmitted.
- C. Stimulation of the smaller, narrow nerve fibers by injury and damage to the tissues is thought to open the gate, allowing pain impulses to be transmitted.
- D. It is thought that the thalamus can open the gate when stress and anxiety increase and close the gate when stress and anxiety decrease.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The gate control theory posits that pain transmission is modulated by a 'gate' in the spinal cord. Stimulation of smaller nerve fibers (e.g., by injury) opens the gate, allowing pain signals to pass (C). Sensory stimuli like massage close the gate, blocking pain (A is correct, but B is incorrect as broad nerve fiber stimulation closes, not opens, the gate). The thalamus is not directly involved in gate control (D is incorrect).
Fill in the blank. The intolerable crawling sensation in the legs that results in an irresistible urge to move legs is known as
- A. restless legs syndrome
- B. sleep apnea
- C. bruxism
- D. narcolepsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restless legs syndrome causes an uncomfortable crawling sensation in the legs, leading to an urge to move them, often disrupting sleep.
Briefly describe how various aspects of lifestyle, environmental factors, and stress can affect sleep and rest.
- A. Poor lifestyle choices, noisy environments, and high stress disrupt sleep; healthy habits, quiet settings, and stress management promote rest.
- B. Caffeine intake, bright lights, and anxiety improve sleep quality.
- C. Irregular sleep schedules and comfortable bedding have no impact on rest.
- D. Stress has no effect on sleep; only physical activity matters.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lifestyle factors like poor diet or irregular schedules, environmental factors like noise or light, and stress can disrupt sleep by increasing arousal or discomfort, while healthy habits and calm environments promote restorative sleep.
Fill in the blank. The view of a patient's pain that includes mental, social, physical, and spiritual aspects as parts of the integrated whole being is known as
- A. holistic pain
- B. acute pain
- C. chronic pain
- D. nociceptive pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Holistic pain considers the mental, social, physical, and spiritual aspects of a patient's pain as an integrated whole, as described in nursing texts.
Your patient reports having severe pain at an 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. You notice that her vital signs are all within normal range. Which of the following statements accurately explains the normal vital signs?
- A. The patient is not really hurting if the blood pressure and pulse are not elevated.
- B. Acute pain does not generally elevate the vital signs.
- C. The body learns to adapt to chronic pain and therefore does not elevate the vital signs.
- D. The patient is having nociceptor pain, which does not affect the vital signs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic pain, unlike acute pain, often does not elevate vital signs as the body adapts over time, explaining the normal vital signs in this scenario.