Nokea
FISH is helpful in diagnosing:
- A. Prader-Willi syndrome
- B. Di George syndrome
- C. Klinefelter's syndrome
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) is particularly useful in diagnosing DiGeorge syndrome, which involves microdeletions on chromosome 22.
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The following are true of umbilical hernia:
- A. It is more common in Caucasian than Blacks
- B. It is commonly associated with hypothyroidism
- C. It must be operated on by two years of age
- D. It becomes obstructed in 2% of cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Umbilical hernias can become obstructed in about 2% of cases. They are more common in Blacks and are not typically associated with hypothyroidism.
The causative organisms for endocarditis in pediatric patients are
- A. enterococci
- B. group B streptococci
- C. viridans-type streptococci
- D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of endocarditis in pediatric patients.
The causes of elevated maternal serum AFP are:
- A. Trisomy 21
- B. Exomphalos
- C. Marfan syndrome
- D. Meningomyelocele
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with neural tube defects such as meningomyelocele, due to leakage of AFP into the amniotic fluid.
A child has a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3, HR of 88 beats per minute and regular, respiratory rate of 22, BP of 78/52, and blood sugar of 35 mg/dL. The nurse asks the caregiver about accidental ingestion of which drug?
- A. Calcium channel blocker
- B. Beta blocker
- C. ACE inhibitor
- D. ARB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers affect the heart and also block beta receptors in the liver, reducing glycogen release and causing hypoglycemia. The low HR and BP support beta blocker ingestion.
A 12-month-old child who had repair of a congenital heart defect at 8 months of age has a normal exam and is not taking any medications. The nurse practitioner will contact the child's cardiologist to discuss whether the child needs which medication?
- A. Amoxicillin
- B. Capoten
- C. Digoxin
- D. Furosemide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children who have had complete repair of congenital heart defect (CHD) should have subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) prophylaxis with amoxicillin for 6 months after the procedure.