Nokea
Respiratory distress at birth is mostly caused by:
- A. Diaphragmatic hernia
- B. Meconium aspiration
- C. RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because RDS is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns. The other options (a, b, d, e) are less common causes.
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Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. “He is always hungry.â€
- B. “He tires out during feedings.â€
- C. “He is fussy for several hours every day.â€
- D. “He sleeps all the time.â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feeding or activity is common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems.
A two-year-old child should have been immunised against:
- A. Tetanus
- B. Polio
- C. Measles
- D. Hepatitis A
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: By the age of two, a child should have received the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
Initial tests in a 2-year-old child with failure to thrive include:
- A. Thyroid function tests
- B. Sweat test
- C. Urine culture
- D. Colonoscopy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: a sweat test is crucial for diagnosing cystic fibrosis, a common cause of failure to thrive in children. The other tests (a-d) are less specific and not typically first-line for this presentation.
A 12-month-old child who had repair of a congenital heart defect at 8 months of age has a normal exam and is not taking any medications. The nurse practitioner will contact the child's cardiologist to discuss whether the child needs which medication?
- A. Amoxicillin
- B. Capoten
- C. Digoxin
- D. Furosemide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children who have had complete repair of congenital heart defect (CHD) should have subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) prophylaxis with amoxicillin for 6 months after the procedure.
Generalised absence seizures:
- A. Are usually atypical in type
- B. CT scan shows abnormalities in around 25-30% of cases
- C. Can be diagnosed in the absence of a typical EEG pattern with great certainty
- D. Are associated with other generalised seizures in most cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generalised absence seizures are often associated with other types of generalised seizures, such as tonic-clonic seizures.