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Five different viruses (A, B, C, D, and E) account for almost all cases of hepatitis infections. Which statement regarding the various forms of hepatitis is most accurate?
- A. Vaccine exists for hepatitis C virus (HCV) but not for HBV.
- B. HAV is acquired by eating contaminated food or drinking polluted water.
- C. HBV is less contagious than HIV.
- D. Incidence of HCV is decreasing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HAV is transmitted via contaminated food or water, whereas vaccines exist for HBV but not for HCV.
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A nurse educator is teaching a group of nursing students about the history of family-centered maternity care. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching session?
- A. The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 promoted family-centered care.
- B. Changes in pharmacologic management of labor prompted family-centered care.
- C. Demands by physicians for family involvement in childbirth increased the practice of family-centered care.
- D. Parental requests that infants be allowed to remain with them rather than in a nursery initiated the practice of family-centered care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement that parental requests that infants be allowed to remain with them rather than in a nursery initiated the practice of family-centered care is the most accurate regarding the history of family-centered maternity care. Family-centered care evolved in response to the recognition of the importance of family involvement in maternity care and the benefits of promoting bonding between the newborn and their parents. This shift in practice came about in response to increasing parental requests for infants to remain with them rather than being separated in a nursery setting. This marked a significant departure from traditional policies that separated mothers and infants after birth and paved the way for the development of family-centered approaches to maternity care.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing preterm labor and has a new prescription for terbutaline. Which of the following findings is a contraindication for the administration of this medication?
- A. Heart disease
- B. Cervical dilation of 2 cm
- C. Gestational age of 34 weeks
- D. Allergy to penicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Terbutaline is a tocolytic that can cause cardiovascular side effects and is contraindicated in clients with heart disease.
The nurse in labor and birth is caring for a Muslim patient during the active phase of labor. The nurse notes that the patient quickly draws away when touched. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Ask the charge nurse to reassign you to another patient.
- B. Assume that she does not like you and decrease your time with her.
- C. Continue to touch her as much as you need to while providing care.
- D. Limit touching to a minimum because physical contact may not be acceptable in her culture.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The appropriate intervention for the nurse to implement in this situation is to limit touching to a minimum because physical contact may not be acceptable in the patient's culture. In Islam, modesty and privacy are significant aspects of the faith, and physical contact, especially with someone of the opposite gender, may be considered inappropriate or uncomfortable for the patient. Respecting and acknowledging the patient's cultural background and preferences is essential in providing culturally competent care. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to be mindful of the patient's boundaries and minimize any unnecessary physical contact while still providing necessary care and support during labor.
A nurse is assessing the knowledge of new parents of a child born with Klinefelter syndrome. Which statement accurately describes this genetic disorder?
- A. Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome abnormality.
- B. It affects only female children.
- C. The disorder is expressed as trisomy XYY.
- D. The child with this disorder will grow to be infertile.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Klinefelter syndrome, also known as trisomy XXY, is a sex chromosomal deviation that is expressed in males. Turner syndrome (monosomy X) is displayed in females. Most males with Klinefelter syndrome are tall, may be infertile, and are slow to learn; however, those who have mosaic Klinefelter syndrome may be fertile as adults.
A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 10 hr olWhich of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Axillary temperature 36.5° C (97.7° F)
- B. Nasal flaring
- C. Heart rate 158/min
- D. One void since birth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nasal flaring is a sign of respiratory distress in a newborn, which may indicate underlying conditions such as transient tachypnea or respiratory infection. Prompt evaluation and intervention are necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation.