Nokea
Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true?
- A. The government holds the power to enforce ethics.
- B. Laws provide standards that assist in decision making.
- C. Ethics are very specific.
- D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws. Ethical principles often guide the creation of laws to ensure societal order and justice. Laws are based on ethical values and aim to regulate behavior accordingly. Therefore, ethical principles can be seen as a standard for measuring actions, influencing the development and enforcement of laws.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. The government enforces laws, not ethics.
B: Incorrect. Laws are based on ethics, but they are not the same.
C: Incorrect. Ethics are broad principles, not specific rules.
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Which of the following is an important aspect of note-taking?
- A. Not specific and behavior-oriented
- B. Forces the manager to deal with the problem
- C. Records only undesirable events
- D. Failure to give performance feedback
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because note-taking forces the manager to deal with the problem by documenting important information, actions, and decisions. This helps in tracking progress, identifying trends, and making informed decisions. It promotes accountability and ensures issues are addressed promptly.
A: Not specific and behavior-oriented - Incorrect. Note-taking should be specific and focus on behaviors to provide accurate and detailed information.
C: Records only undesirable events - Incorrect. Note-taking should capture both positive and negative events for a comprehensive view.
D: Failure to give performance feedback - Incorrect. Note-taking is a tool to provide feedback and track performance effectively.
The nurse manager compares the actual results of the budget with the projected results of the budget. What budgeting process is this?
- A. Variable budgeting
- B. Controlling
- C. Revenue sharing
- D. Incremental budgeting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Controlling. The nurse manager comparing actual results with projected results is part of the controlling function of budgeting. Controlling involves monitoring performance against the budget to identify any variations and taking corrective actions if necessary. Variable budgeting focuses on adjusting the budget based on different levels of activity, not comparing actual vs. projected results. Revenue sharing pertains to distributing revenues among different entities. Incremental budgeting involves making small adjustments to the previous budget without a thorough review like in controlling. Thus, the comparison of actual vs. projected results aligns with the controlling function of budgeting.
Which of the following is a key aspect of transformational leadership?
- A. Maintaining the status quo
- B. Encouraging innovation
- C. Focus on short-term goals
- D. Top-down communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging innovation. Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers to think creatively, embrace change, and strive for continuous improvement. By encouraging innovation, transformational leaders empower their team to challenge the status quo, adapt to new situations, and drive growth and success. This approach fosters a culture of creativity and openness to new ideas, leading to organizational transformation and long-term success.
Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Maintaining the status quo goes against the essence of transformational leadership, which is about driving change and growth.
C: Focus on short-term goals is more aligned with transactional leadership, where the emphasis is on achieving immediate results rather than long-term vision and innovation.
D: Top-down communication is characteristic of traditional, hierarchical leadership styles, whereas transformational leadership emphasizes open and collaborative communication to inspire and engage followers.
An RN is working through an ethical dilemma involving a patient on his unit. He has just identified the decision makers involved. Which step best describes the current stage the RN is working through?
- A. Assessment
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Planning
- D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Planning. In the ethical decision-making process, after identifying the decision makers involved, the next step is to plan the course of action to address the dilemma. This involves considering various options, weighing the pros and cons, and formulating a strategy to resolve the ethical issue. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Assessment - This step involves gathering information and data to fully understand the ethical issue at hand.
B: Diagnosis - This step involves analyzing the information collected during the assessment phase to identify the root cause of the ethical dilemma.
D: Implementation - This step comes after planning and involves putting the chosen course of action into practice.
A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to
- A. check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming.
- B. delay eating the noon meal until after swimming.
- C. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
- D. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with type 1 diabetes should check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming to monitor for fluctuations and adjust insulin or food intake accordingly. This allows for better glycemic control and prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during and after swimming.
Choice B is incorrect because delaying eating can lead to hypoglycemia during swimming due to increased insulin action without adequate glucose intake. Choice C is incorrect as increasing NPH insulin dose without monitoring glucose levels can result in hypoglycemia during exercise. Choice D is incorrect because timing the insulin injection for peak action while swimming can also lead to hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored.