Nokea
Following a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a 70-year-old woman undergoes gastrectomy. Her physician informs her that she will require lifelong intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Which specific type of cells' absence is responsible for the need for vitamin replacement?
- A. Chief cells
- B. G cells
- C. Goblet cells
- D. Parietal cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption; their absence after gastrectomy necessitates B12 injections.
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If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially nonfunctional, what is likely to happen?
- A. The pH of stomach will fall abruptly
- B. Steapsin will be more effective
- C. Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
- D. The pancreatic enzymes and specially the trypsin and lipase will not work efficiently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete HCl; if nonfunctional, the stomach pH rises, reducing pepsin's protein digestion efficiency.
The nutrient that supplies bulk to help the movement of waste through the digestive system is
- A. protein
- B. vitamins
- C. minerals
- D. fibre
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fibre provides bulk and aids in the movement of waste through the digestive tract by promoting peristalsis.
Pancreatic juice contains a protein-splitting enzyme called:
- A. trypsin
- B. zymogen
- C. pepsin
- D. amylase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins.
Based on knowledge of anatomy and physiology, are there any diet considerations that the student should include in the teaching plan?
- A. Low-fat, enzyme-supplemented diet
- B. High-fiber diet only
- C. Low-protein diet
- D. No dietary changes needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-pancreatectomy, a low-fat diet with enzyme supplements is necessary due to impaired digestion.
All about human tongue is true EXCEPT:
- A. Anterior 2/3 of Dorsal surface is covered by Parakeratinized epith.
- B. Post. 1/3 contain lingual tonsils.
- C. Its ventral surface has projections called lingual papilla.
- D. Contain skeletal muscle fibers arranged in 3 directions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ventral surface of the tongue is smooth and covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, not lingual papillae, which are on the dorsal surface.