Nokea
For children who do not have a matched sibling bone marrow donor, the therapeutic management of aplastic anemia includes what intervention?
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Antiretroviral drugs
- C. Iron supplementation
- D. Immunosuppressive therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., antilymphocyte globulin, cyclosporine) treats aplastic anemia, likely an autoimmune condition, improving prognosis. Antibiotics treat infections, not the condition; antiretrovirals and iron are irrelevant to aplastic anemia management.
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A child with severe anemia requires a unit of red blood cells (RBCs). The nurse explains to the child that the transfusion is necessary for which reason?
- A. Allow her parents to come visit her.
- B. Fight the infection that she now has.
- C. Increase her energy so she will not be so tired.
- D. Help her body stop bleeding by forming a clot (scab).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RBC transfusion increases oxygen-carrying capacity, reducing tissue hypoxia and fatigue, and preventing cardiac decompensation. It doesn?t affect visitation, isn?t for infection, and clotting is managed by platelets, not RBCs.
A school-age child is admitted in vasoocclusive sickle cell crisis (pain episode). The childs care should include which therapeutic interventions?
- A. Hydration and pain management
- B. Oxygenation and factor VIII replacement
- C. Electrolyte replacement and administration of heparin
- D. Correction of alkalosis and reduction of energy expenditure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vasoocclusive sickle cell crisis requires hydration to reduce blood viscosity and pain management to alleviate discomfort. Oxygen may prevent further sickling but doesn?t reverse it, factor VIII and heparin are irrelevant, and acidosis, not alkalosis, needs correction.
In which condition are all the formed elements of the blood simultaneously depressed?
- A. Aplastic anemia
- B. Sickle cell anemia
- C. Thalassemia major
- D. Iron deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aplastic anemia involves bone marrow failure, depressing all blood elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets). Sickle cell anemia affects hemoglobin, thalassemia major impacts hemoglobin chain production, and iron deficiency reduces RBC size and hemoglobin, not all elements.
What physiologic defect is responsible for causing anemia?
- A. Increased blood viscosity
- B. Depressed hematopoietic system
- C. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin
- D. Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anemia is defined by reduced RBCs or hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Increased viscosity occurs with too many cells, a depressed hematopoietic system or abnormal hemoglobin may contribute, but the core defect is reduced oxygen delivery.
What statement best describes iron deficiency anemia in infants?
- A. It is caused by depression of the hematopoietic system.
- B. Diagnosis is easily made because of the infants emaciated appearance.
- C. It results from a decreased intake of milk and the premature addition of solid foods.
- D. Clinical manifestations are related to a reduction in the amount of oxygen available to tissues.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia reduces oxygen availability to tissues, causing symptoms like pallor and fatigue. The hematopoietic system produces smaller, less hemoglobin-rich RBCs, infants are often overweight from milk, and diagnosis requires lab confirmation, not appearance.