Nokea
What statement best describes b-thalassemia major (Cooley anemia)?
- A. It is an acquired hemolytic anemia.
- B. Inadequate numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are present.
- C. Increased incidence occurs in families of Mediterranean extraction.
- D. It commonly occurs in individuals from West Africa.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: B-thalassemia major has a higher incidence in Mediterranean populations and is inherited, not acquired. It involves overproduction of unstable RBCs, not inadequate numbers, and is distinct from sickle cell anemia, which is common in West African populations.
You may also like to solve these questions
An 8-year-old girl is receiving a blood transfusion when the nurse notes that she has developed precordial pain, dyspnea, distended neck veins, slight cyanosis, and a dry cough. These manifestations are most suggestive of what complication?
- A. Air embolism
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Hemolytic reaction
- D. Circulatory overload
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Circulatory overload presents with precordial pain, dyspnea, distended neck veins, cyanosis, and dry cough due to fluid volume excess. Air embolism causes sudden respiratory distress, allergic reactions involve urticaria and wheezing, and hemolytic reactions include fever and shock.
A mother states that she brought her child to the clinic because the 3-year-old girl was not keeping up with her siblings. During physical assessment, the nurse notes that the child has pale skin and conjunctiva and has muscle weakness. The hemoglobin on admission is 6.4 g/dl. After notifying the practitioner of the results, what nursing priority intervention should occur next?
- A. Reduce environmental stimulation to prevent seizures.
- B. Have the laboratory repeat the analysis with a new specimen.
- C. Minimize energy expenditure to decrease cardiac workload.
- D. Administer intravenous fluids to correct the dehydration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A hemoglobin of 6.4 g/dl (normal 11.5-15.5 g/dl) indicates severe anemia, increasing cardiac workload to compensate for reduced oxygen delivery. Minimizing energy expenditure reduces cardiac strain. Seizures aren?t a risk, repeat testing is unnecessary, and dehydration isn?t evident.
What statement best describes iron deficiency anemia in infants?
- A. It is caused by depression of the hematopoietic system.
- B. Diagnosis is easily made because of the infants emaciated appearance.
- C. It results from a decreased intake of milk and the premature addition of solid foods.
- D. Clinical manifestations are related to a reduction in the amount of oxygen available to tissues.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia reduces oxygen availability to tissues, causing symptoms like pallor and fatigue. The hematopoietic system produces smaller, less hemoglobin-rich RBCs, infants are often overweight from milk, and diagnosis requires lab confirmation, not appearance.
Therapeutic management of a 6-year-old child with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) should include which therapeutic intervention?
- A. Perform a splenectomy.
- B. Supplement the diet with calcium.
- C. Institute a maintenance transfusion program.
- D. Increase intake of iron-rich foods such as meat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Splenectomy corrects hemolysis in hereditary spherocytosis, typically for children over 5 with symptomatic anemia. Calcium doesn?t affect HS, transfusions suppress RBC production and carry risks, and iron supplementation is ineffective for this condition.
A child with severe anemia requires a unit of red blood cells (RBCs). The nurse explains to the child that the transfusion is necessary for which reason?
- A. Allow her parents to come visit her.
- B. Fight the infection that she now has.
- C. Increase her energy so she will not be so tired.
- D. Help her body stop bleeding by forming a clot (scab).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RBC transfusion increases oxygen-carrying capacity, reducing tissue hypoxia and fatigue, and preventing cardiac decompensation. It doesn?t affect visitation, isn?t for infection, and clotting is managed by platelets, not RBCs.