Nokea
For individuals with lactose intolerance, which of the following foods should be avoided?
- A. Eggs
- B. Milk
- C. Almonds
- D. Beef
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individuals with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose. Milk contains lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, and should be avoided by individuals with lactose intolerance. Choices A, C, and D are not sources of lactose and are generally well-tolerated by individuals with lactose intolerance.
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Cyanocobalamin is a form of which vitamin?
- A. Vitamin B1
- B. Vitamin B2
- C. Vitamin B3
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which mineral-containing amino acids help to form the shape of proteins?
- A. phosphorus
- B. sulfur
- C. selenium
- D. iron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sulfur. Sulfur-containing amino acids like cysteine and methionine play a crucial role in forming disulfide bonds within proteins. These bonds are essential for the proper folding and structural stability of proteins. Phosphorus (choice A), selenium (choice C), and iron (choice D) do not directly contribute to shaping proteins through bond formation.
Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Diuretics
- C. Local anesthetics
- D. Anticholinergics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.
Bacterial growth and plaque formation are enhanced by a diet with frequent intake of retentive carbohydrates. Gingivitis is an irreversible change in the interdental papillary tissues.
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The first statement is true; retentive carbohydrates promote bacterial growth and plaque formation. However, the second statement is false; gingivitis is not irreversible and is often reversible with proper care. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup and poor oral hygiene. With good oral hygiene practices and professional dental care, gingivitis can be reversed. The other choices are incorrect because gingivitis is not irreversible, making statement two false.
_____ neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine:
- A. saliva
- B. gastric mucus
- C. bicarbonate ions
- D. enzymes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions, secreted by the pancreas, neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach, creating a more suitable environment for digestive enzymes. Saliva (choice A) helps in the initial breakdown of food in the mouth, not in neutralizing stomach acid. Gastric mucus (choice B) protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment but does not neutralize the acid in the small intestine. Enzymes (choice D) facilitate chemical reactions in digestion but do not neutralize stomach acid.