Nokea
Fungiform papillae are most numerous in:
- A. Pharyngeal part of the tongue [post. 1/3rd]
- B. Oral part of the tongue
- C. Edges & tip of tongue.
- D. Basolateral area of oral part of the tongue.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fungiform papillae are scattered across the oral part of the tongue but are most concentrated at the edges and tip, where taste perception is heightened.
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Match: Disaccharide
- A. a sugar composed of two monosaccharides
- B. stored form of energy
- C. used in DNA synthesis
- D. component of cell membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disaccharides, like sucrose, consist of two monosaccharides linked together and are broken down into simpler sugars during digestion.
Saliva contains two enzymes. What are they?
- A. Amylase and pepsin
- B. Amylase and lysozyme
- C. Amylase and lipase
- D. Amylase and renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saliva contains salivary amylase (ptyalin) for starch digestion and lysozyme for antibacterial action. Pepsin is in the stomach, lipase is mainly pancreatic, and renin is unrelated to saliva.
All enzymes involved in protein digestion are:
- A. secreted by the pancreas
- B. activated by HCl
- C. present in the stomach
- D. secreted in an inactive form
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protein-digesting enzymes like pepsinogen and trypsinogen are secreted in an inactive form and activated later.
All about hepatocyte is true EXCEPT:
- A. Has 3 types of borders
- B. May be binucleated
- C. Secrete bile
- D. Has long microvilli forming brush border
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatocytes have microvilli facing the space of Disse, but not a brush border, which is characteristic of intestinal enterocytes.
Which part(s) of the esophagus necessitate(s) input from the central nervous system to orchestrate peristalsis?
- A. The upper third
- B. The middle third
- C. The lower third
- D. The upper and middle portions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper third of the esophagus, with striated muscle, requires CNS input (via the vagus nerve) for primary peristalsis.