Nokea
Genetic polymorphisms account for differences in metabolism, including:
- A. Poor metabolizers, who lack a working enzyme
- B. Intermediate metabolizers, who have one working, wild-type allele and one mutant
- C. Extensive metabolizers, with two normally functioning alleles
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed phenotypes (A-C) result from genetic polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism, making D correct.
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Angina pectoris, tachycardia, and arrhythmias are possible adverse effects of which of the following drugs?
- A. Clonidine
- B. Phenylephrine
- C. Propranolol
- D. Salbutamol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salbutamol, a beta-2 agonist, can cause cardiac stimulation as a side effect.
Theophylline levels in blood are increased by:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Smoking
- D. Digitalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythromycin inhibits theophylline metabolism, raising levels.
Prescribers have been shown to override a medication alert about a patient's allergies when:
- A. The history showed that the patient had tolerated the medication in the past
- B. The benefit outweighed the risk
- C. The medication was therapeutically appropriate and needed
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prescribers may override alerts if past tolerance, benefit-risk balance, or therapeutic need justifies it.
Teaching the patient/caregiver about her or his medications is an important step in reducing the risk of medication errors. What is an important teaching point about medications?
- A. Speak up and ask questions.
- B. Store medications in a warm humid place.
- C. Adjust your medication according to how you feel
- D. take medication wen in pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asking questions and keeping a medication list empower patients to reduce errors; warm storage and self-adjustment are incorrect.
Which of the following statements about leukotriene pathway inhibitors in
- A. They are more potent anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids
- B. Have less side effects than corticosteroids
- C. Are contraindicated in children below 10 years of age
- D. Have no role in aspirin induced asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene inhibitors have fewer side effects than corticosteroids.