Nokea
Gestational diabetes increases what complication of labor?
- A. breech
- B. macrosomia
- C. macrosomia
- D. precipitous birth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: macrosomia. Gestational diabetes can lead to fetal macrosomia, where the baby is larger than average, increasing the risk of complications during labor such as shoulder dystocia. This is due to the excess glucose crossing the placenta and stimulating the baby's pancreas to produce more insulin, resulting in increased growth. Choice A, breech presentation, is not directly associated with gestational diabetes. Choice C is a duplicate of the correct answer. Choice D, precipitous birth, is not a common complication of gestational diabetes but rather refers to an extremely rapid labor process.
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The placenta is diagnosed as retained when it is not delivered in what timeframe after the birth of the infant?
- A. 10 minutes
- B. 30 minutes
- C. 1 hour
- D. 2 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 minutes) because the placenta should be delivered within 30 minutes after the birth of the infant to prevent excessive bleeding and potential complications. If the placenta is retained beyond 30 minutes, it may lead to postpartum hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the standard timeframe for the delivery of the placenta. A (10 minutes) is too soon for a normal delivery, C (1 hour) is too long and increases the risk of complications, and D (2 hours) is significantly delayed and poses serious health risks.
When a pattern of variable decelerations occur, the nurse should immediately
- A. administer O at 8 to 10 L/minut
- B. place a wedge under the right hip.
- C. increase the IV fluids to 150 mL/hour.
- D. position patient in a knee-chest position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because positioning the patient in a knee-chest position helps to relieve pressure on the vena cava, improving blood flow to the placenta and fetus. This can help alleviate variable decelerations. Choice A is incorrect because administering oxygen at 8 to 10 L/min would not directly address the cause of variable decelerations. Choice B is incorrect as placing a wedge under the right hip is typically used for supine hypotension syndrome. Choice C is incorrect because increasing IV fluids may not directly address the issue of variable decelerations.
A 20-year-old gravida 1 para 0 presents to the prenatal clinic with a chief complaint that she feels like she is pregnant. Which are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply.
- A. Linea nigra
- B. Breast tenderness
- C. Leukorrhea
- D. Chadwick’s sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Linea nigra. Linea nigra is a presumptive sign of pregnancy, which refers to a dark line that appears on the abdomen. This sign is caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy. Breast tenderness (B) and leukorrhea (C) are actually probable signs of pregnancy, not presumptive signs. Chadwick's sign (D) is also a probable sign, not a presumptive sign. Presumptive signs are subjective symptoms reported by the patient and are not definitive indicators of pregnancy.
What complication makes uterine inversion an emergency?
- A. shock
- B. pain
- C. retained placenta
- D. hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: shock. Uterine inversion is an emergency due to the risk of shock. When the uterus turns inside out, it can lead to severe bleeding and disruption of blood flow, causing hypovolemic shock. This can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. Pain (choice B) and retained placenta (choice C) are potential complications of uterine inversion but do not pose the immediate threat of shock. Hypertension (choice D) is not directly related to the urgency of uterine inversion.
Which medications could potentially cause hyperstimulation of the uterus during labor? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Oxytocin (Pitocin)
- B. Misoprostol (Cytote
- C. Dinoprostone (Cervidil)
- D. Methylergonovine maleate (Methergin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oxytocin (Pitocin). Oxytocin is a uterotonic agent commonly used to induce or augment labor. It can cause hyperstimulation of the uterus, leading to uterine hypertonicity and potentially compromising fetal oxygenation. Misoprostol, Dinoprostone, and Methylergonovine maleate are not known to cause hyperstimulation of the uterus during labor.