Nursing Pharmacology Drug Classification Chart

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Glimepiride (Amaryl) is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. A nurse reinforces instructions for the client and tells the client to avoid which of the following while taking this medication?

  • A. Alcohol
  • B. Organ meats
  • C. Whole-grain cereals
  • D. Carbonated beverages
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When alcohol is combined with glimepiride (Amaryl), a disulfiram-like reaction may occur. This syndrome includes flushing, palpitations, and nausea. Alcohol can also potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of the medication. Clients need to be instructed to avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication. The items in options 2, 3, and 4 do not need to be avoided.

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Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets:

  • A. Thromboxane Aâ‚‚
  • B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine
  • C. Platelet activating factor
  • D. Prostacyclin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Low-dose aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets, reducing thromboxane Aâ‚‚ production, which promotes platelet aggregation, thus prolonging bleeding time.

Which of the following is seen in first order kinetics

  • A. Rate depends upon plasma cone.
  • B. Rate does not depend on plasma cone.
  • C. Rate depends upon plasma protein binding
  • D. Elimination depends upon amount of drug
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In first-order kinetics, the elimination rate is proportional to plasma concentration.

Where are large fenestrations or slit junctions located?

  • A. Bone
  • B. Brain
  • C. Skin
  • D. Liver
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The liver has large fenestrations in sinusoidal endothelium, allowing easy drug passage, unlike the brain (tight junctions) or bone/skin (less permeable).

The type of adverse drug reaction that is idiosyncratic when a drug given in the usual therapeutic doses is type:

  • A. A
  • B. B
  • C. C
  • D. D
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Type B reactions are idiosyncratic, unpredictable responses to normal doses, unlike dose-related Type A or chronic Type C/D.

A 70-year-old patient has just received a drug that can cause sedation. What would be the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?

  • A. Noncompliance: Cost of the drug
  • B. Deficient knowledge: Unfamiliar with drug therapy
  • C. Risk for injury: Related to adverse effects of the drug
  • D. Ineffective health maintenance: Need for medication
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sedation increases the risk of falls or injury, making 'Risk for injury' the priority diagnosis over knowledge deficits or compliance issues.

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