Nokea
Growth hormone:
- A. is secreted by the adenohypophysis.
- B. stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system.
- C. is also called somatotropic hormone.
- D. all is applicable.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because growth hormone is indeed secreted by the adenohypophysis, it stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, and it is also known as somatotropic hormone. All the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding growth hormone, making option D the correct choice. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions and characteristics of growth hormone as described in the question.
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An enlargement of the thyroid gland is the condition known as .
- A. acromegaly
- B. goiter
- C. parathyroidism
- D. Cushing's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: goiter. An enlargement of the thyroid gland is specifically referred to as a goiter. This condition can be caused by iodine deficiency or other factors affecting thyroid hormone production. Acromegaly (A) is a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone, unrelated to the thyroid. Parathyroidism (C) refers to issues with the parathyroid glands, not the thyroid. Cushing's disease (D) is a condition involving excessive cortisol production, not thyroid enlargement. Therefore, the correct term for an enlarged thyroid gland is goiter.
Addison's disease frequently causes skin pigment changes. When teaching the patient about medications used for Addison's disease, it is important that he or she understands:
- A. To take plenty of water (at least 8 ounces or 240 mL) with the medication.
- B. Proper subcutaneous injection technique.
- C. That they continue for life.
- D. That they can be stopped when symptoms abate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with Addison's disease require lifelong hormone replacement therapy to manage the condition as the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol.
Adverse effects of atropine include the following EXCEPT:
- A. Excessive salivation
- B. Retention of urine
- C. Sinus tachycardia
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive salivation. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased secretions including saliva. Excessive salivation is not an adverse effect but rather a therapeutic effect of atropine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because retention of urine, sinus tachycardia, and constipation are known adverse effects of atropine due to its anticholinergic properties.
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance?
- A. adrenocorticotropic hormone
- B. antidiuretic hormone
- C. luteinizing hormone
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH regulates the body's fluid balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. This helps maintain proper hydration levels and electrolyte balance. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (A) regulates cortisol production, not fluid balance. Luteinizing hormone (C) plays a role in reproductive functions, not fluid balance. Option D is incorrect because only antidiuretic hormone is directly involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine?
- A. ADH
- B. ACTH
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct answer: A (ADH)
Rationale:
1. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, leading to decreased urine output.
2. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands, not the kidneys.
3. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to regulate electrolyte balance, not directly affecting urine volume.
4. Oxytocin primarily functions in uterine contractions and milk ejection, not in kidney function.