Nokea
Half life of plat. Is:
- A. 1-2days
- B. 3-4days
- C. 5-6days
- D. 7-8days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (3-4 days) because the half-life of platinum is known to be around 3-4 days based on scientific research and studies. This means that within this time frame, half of the amount of platinum will decay or disintegrate. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because they do not align with the established half-life value of platinum. Option A (1-2 days), C (5-6 days), and D (7-8 days) do not fall within the typical range of platinum's half-life duration as determined by scientific data and experimentation. Therefore, option B is the most accurate and scientifically supported choice for the half-life of platinum.
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Artemisinin and its derivatives are used in the treatment of severe forms of chloroquine-resistant falciparum because they have:
- A. Rapid gametocidal activity
- B. The ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites
- C. Rapid sporontocidal activity
- D. Rapid schizonticidal activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rapid schizonticidal activity. Artemisinin and its derivatives target the malaria parasite at the schizont stage, which is crucial for the parasite's replication and survival. By rapidly killing schizonts, these drugs help in controlling the infection and preventing severe complications.
Choice A (Rapid gametocidal activity) is incorrect because artemisinin and its derivatives primarily target asexual stages of the parasite, not gametocytes. Choice B (The ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites) is incorrect as these drugs do not target the liver stages where hypnozoites develop. Choice C (Rapid sporontocidal activity) is incorrect as artemisinin derivatives do not primarily target the sexual stages of the parasite.
In summary, the correct answer is D because of the drugs' effectiveness against the schizont stage, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the mechanism of action of artemisinin
The nurse is assessing a client experiencing anemia. Which laboratory findings will the nurse expect for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Increased hematocrit
- B. Decreased red blood cell count
- C. Decreased serum iron
- D. Decreased hemoglobin
Correct Answer: b
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Decreased red blood cell count
Rationale:
1. Anemia is defined by a decrease in red blood cells, causing decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
2. A decreased red blood cell count is a key indicator of anemia.
3. Other choices are incorrect:
A. Increased hematocrit is not expected in anemia, as it indicates a higher concentration of red blood cells.
C. Decreased serum iron may be seen in iron-deficiency anemia but is not a universal finding in all types of anemia.
D. Decreased hemoglobin is a common finding in anemia but is not as specific as a decreased red blood cell count.
The nurse is assisting with the preparation of a blood transfusion for a patient. Which type of fluid should the nurse select to transfuse with the blood?
- A. 0.9% normal saline
- B. Dextrose 5% and water
- C. Dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline
- D. Dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A 0.9% normal saline solution is the correct choice for blood transfusion because it is isotonic, which closely matches the osmolarity of blood. This helps prevent hemolysis and maintains the integrity of red blood cells during transfusion. Other choices such as B (dextrose 5% and water), C (dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline), and D (dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline) are incorrect because they do not provide the necessary isotonic environment for safe blood transfusion, risking hemolysis or other complications.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute ischemic cerebrovascular event due to a thrombus in a cerebral vessel. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Alteplase
- B. Aspirin
- C. Clopidogrel
- D. Heparin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alteplase. Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. It is crucial to administer within a specific time frame for the best outcome. Aspirin (B) and Clopidogrel (C) are antiplatelet agents that prevent further clot formation but are not used for immediate clot dissolution in acute ischemic stroke. Heparin (D) is an anticoagulant that prevents clot formation and is not typically used as the initial treatment for acute ischemic stroke.
You are seeing a 13-year-old boy with fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood shows anemia, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis (300,000/mm3). What is this patient's most likely diagnosis?
- A. Leukemoid reaction
- B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- C. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- D. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for this 13-year-old boy presenting with fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis (300,000/mm3) is Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).
1. Presence of anemia, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis is characteristic of CML.
2. CML typically presents with splenomegaly.
3. Age of onset (13 years) is within the typical range for CML.
4. The Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22)) is present in most cases of CML, aiding in diagnosis.
5. Leukemoid reaction (A) is a reactive increase in white blood cells, not a primary neoplastic disorder.
6. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (B) typically presents with bone pain, lymphadenopathy, and CNS symptoms in children.
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