Nokea
Having reduced amounts of Anti Diuretic hormone does what:
- A. Decrease urine production making it dark in colour
- B. Makes us lose water by increased sweating
- C. Increase urine production making it insipid
- D. Causes water retention in tissues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced ADH increases urine output, making it dilute (insipid) due to less water reabsorption.
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What happens during the gastric phase of digestion?
- A. Food is ingested
- B. Stomach mixes food with gastric juice to form chyme
- C. Nutrients are absorbed in the intestine
- D. Bile emulsifies fats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gastric phase involves the stomach churning food with gastric secretions (e.g., HCl, pepsin) to form chyme.
Centro acinar cells, all true except:
- A. Beginning of pancreatic duct system.
- B. Secrete bicarbonate ion (with intercalated ducts)
- C. Its secretion is controlled by secretin hormone
- D. Beginning of biliary duct system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Centroacinar cells are part of the pancreatic exocrine duct system, not the biliary system, which involves bile ducts.
Match each term with the correct description: produces enzymes
- A. rectum
- B. esophagus
- C. pancreas
- D. liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food.
An important function of the intestinal villi is to:
- A. increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
- B. move chyme along the alimentary canal
- C. form a protective covering for the alimentary canal
- D. synthesise amino acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intestinal villi are finger-like projections that vastly increase the surface area of the small intestine for nutrient absorption.
The family of an older adult client is concerned about the client's lack of appetite. The nurse counsels the family initially, recalling that:
- A. The client should be evaluated by the primary care provider
- B. The client is depressed and needs antidepressant medication
- C. Loss of appetite is often associated with substance abuse
- D. Loss of taste buds is a common finding in the elderly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related loss of taste buds can reduce appetite in older adults.