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he Montessori approach believes that learning is
- A. Passive
- B. Active
- C. Teacher-driven
- D. Routine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori views learning as an active process driven by the child's engagement.
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The theorist associated with psychosocial development is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory outlines eight stages of development.
At this stage the group members will begin to develop a feeling of group cohesion and identity:
- A. Forming
- B. Storming
- C. Norming
- D. Performing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norming (Tuckman) fosters cohesion and a unified group identity through shared norms.
It has been estimated that 20%, or 45 million, adults ages 18 or older in the United States have experienced a mental illness in the past year. Which nursing intervention is directed toward addressing the greatest barrier to successful treatment outcomes for these individuals?
- A. Educating clients as to the importance of completing their treatment recommendations
- B. Identifying resources where medications can be secured at reduced or no cost
- C. Actively involving the client in the planning of his or her mental health care
- D. Evaluating the client for compliance with his or her plan of care frequently
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Educating clients as to the importance of completing their treatment recommendations. This intervention is crucial because lack of understanding about the importance of completing treatment can lead to non-compliance, which is a significant barrier to successful treatment outcomes. By educating clients, nurses can empower them to take ownership of their health and adhere to their treatment plans.
Choice B is incorrect because while identifying resources for medications is important, it may not address the underlying issue of non-compliance. Choice C, involving the client in planning care, is important but may not directly address non-compliance. Choice D, evaluating compliance frequently, is necessary but does not address the root cause of non-compliance. Therefore, the most effective intervention is to educate clients about the importance of completing their treatment recommendations.
What is the role of the physician when the patient lacks decisionmaking capacity and someone other than a family member has been designated as the surrogate decision maker?
- A. Follow the instructions of the family and ignore the surrogate
- B. Ignore the family and talk only to the surrogate
- C. Serve as a mediator between parties and encourage all groups to work together in the best interest of the patient, consistent with the patient's wishes
- D. Consult legal affairs to determine who should be the decisionmaker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mediation ensures collaboration and honors the patient's designated surrogate.
How many types of family based on authority:
- A. 5
- B. 2
- C. 4
- D. 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Family types by authority are 4: patriarchal, matriarchal, egalitarian, and mixed.