He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine:
- A. compliance to expected standards
- B. level of satisfaction
- C. degree of agreement and disagreement
- D. degree of acceptance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Likert Scale is typically used to measure the degree of agreement or disagreement with a set of statements or questions. Respondents are asked to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement using a scale that ranges from, for example, "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". This makes it a suitable tool for assessing the degree of agreement and disagreement among individuals on various topics or statements. While a Likert Scale can potentially measure other constructs such as satisfaction or acceptance, its primary purpose and most common application involve determining the degree of agreement and disagreement.
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What is NOT important for Myra to do when listening to tape recordings?
- A. Do the listening as soon as possible after the interview.
- B. Note for the voice tone and voice inflection.
- C. Listen when she feels the motivation for a more productive time.
- D. Take notice of the pauses of the participants.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is not important for Myra to listen to the tape recordings only when she feels motivated or productive. In a nurse-patient interaction relationship, listening to tape recordings promptly (Choice A) is crucial because it ensures that any important information or cues are not missed or forgotten. Additionally, noting voice tone and inflection (Choice B) and observing pauses (Choice D) are essential for understanding the nuances and emotions conveyed during the interaction, which can be crucial in effective communication. Listening based on motivation may lead to delays and hamper the timely analysis and understanding of the interactions. Hence, it is important for Myra to prioritize active and focused listening to the tape recordings, regardless of her current motivation levels.
Which procedure has to be done to the patient to establish a definitive diagnosis of lung cancer?
- A. Chest x-ray followed by a CT scan
- B. Cytological study of the sputum
- C. Bronchoscopy
- D. Magnetic resonance imaging
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization of the inside of the airways in the lungs. It is considered the most definitive method to establish a diagnosis of lung cancer as it can directly visualize any abnormal growths or tumors in the bronchial tubes. During bronchoscopy, tissue samples can be collected for biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. This procedure is more accurate compared to other diagnostic methods such as chest x-ray, CT scan, cytological study of sputum, or magnetic resonance imaging in confirming a diagnosis of lung cancer.
Which of the following historical data MOST probably led to a post-traumatic stress disorder?
- A. Unstable relationship with ex-fiancee.
- B. No gang-relationship with peers
- C. Suicide of her mother
- D. Dropping out of school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The suicide of her mother is the most probable historical data that led to post-traumatic stress disorder. Experiencing the suicide of a close family member, especially a parent, can be an extremely traumatic event that can have long-lasting psychological effects. Witnessing or dealing with such a tragic loss can lead to feelings of helplessness, depression, guilt, and intense emotional distress, all of which are common in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This significant and distressing event could have a profound impact on the individual's mental health and well-being, contributing to the development of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, negative mood alterations, and changes in arousal or reactivity.
Choose from the following the primary goals of TPN? I. promote weight gain II. improve nutritional status III. maintain muscle mass IV. establish nitrogen balance! V. enhance healing process
- A. I, II, & III
- B. I, & II,
- C. I, II, III, & IV
- D. I, II , III , IV & V
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrition to patients who cannot or should not obtain their nutrition through regular oral intake. The primary goals of TPN include promoting weight gain, improving nutritional status, maintaining muscle mass, and establishing nitrogen balance. These goals are crucial to support the overall health and well-being of the patient receiving TPN. Enhancing the healing process is an important aspect of TPN as well, but it is not considered one of the primary goals as weight gain, nutritional status, muscle mass, and nitrogen balance are typically the immediate priorities when administering TPN.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute myocardial infarction (MI) with ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram (ECG). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's MI?
- A. Perform emergent coronary angiography for revascularization.
- B. Administer fibrinolytic therapy to restore coronary blood flow.
- C. Implement strict bed rest to minimize cardiac workload.
- D. Recommend beta-blocker medications to reduce myocardial oxygen demand.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with acute myocardial infarction (MI) presenting with ST-segment elevation on ECG, the healthcare team should prioritize performing emergent coronary angiography for revascularization. This intervention, also known as primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), involves opening up the blocked coronary artery responsible for the MI. Timely reperfusion of the affected artery is crucial in reducing myocardial damage and improving outcomes in acute MI patients. PCI is considered the preferred method for revascularization in patients with ST-segment elevation MI, as it has been shown to be more effective and associated with better outcomes compared to fibrinolytic therapy.